{"answers":{"affected":"4 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core and org.apache.struts:struts2-core. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2012-0391 in the wild since at least 21 Jan 2022.","fix":"Upgrade org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core to 2.2.3.1 or later. US federal agencies must fix it by 21 Jul 2022.","what":"CVE-2012-0391 is a critical code injection vulnerability in Apache Struts, published on 8 Jan 2012. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2012-0391 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2012-0391 is a critical code injection vulnerability in Apache Struts, published on 8 Jan 2012. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2012-0391 in the wild since at least 21 Jan 2022.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3.1\n- org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3.1\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3.1\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3.1\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-0391/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-0391/index.md)","id":"CVE-2012-0391","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-0391/index.md","name":"CVE-2012-0391","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Java web framework","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary Java code via crafted parameters due to unsafe OGNL expression evaluation in exception handling.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"code_injection"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"mitre","cpe":[{"product":"struts","vendor":"apache"}],"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-94","name":"Improper Control of Generation of Code"}],"description":"The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.","ecosystems":["Maven"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":2,"first_seen":"2012-01-06","github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":1,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2012-01-06","kind":"exploitdb","ref":"18329","stars":null,"title":"Apache Struts 2 \u003c 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities"},{"date":"2012-01-06","kind":"metasploit","ref":"exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator","stars":null,"title":"Apache Struts Remote Command Execution"},{"date":"2012-06-05","kind":"exploitdb","ref":"18984","stars":null,"title":"Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)"}],"tier":"exploited"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2012-0391","indexable":true,"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-01-21","dueDate":"2022-07-21","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","product":"Struts 2","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","vendorProject":"Apache","vulnerabilityName":"Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability"},"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Maven","product":"apache:struts","products":["apache:struts"],"type":"code_injection","year":"2012"},"n_packages":4,"n_references":7,"next":{"headline":"Apache Struts's CookieInterceptor component does not use the parameter-name whitelist","id":"CVE-2012-0392"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.2.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.2.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts.xwork/xwork-core","source":"GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.2.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.2.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","source":"GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w"}],"prev":{"headline":"Information disclosure in n/a","id":"CVE-2012-0390"},"products":["n/a"],"published":"2012-01-08","related":[{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2020-17530","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2020-12-11"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts 1 Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2017-9791","kev_date_added":"2022-02-10","published":"2017-07-10"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-5638","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2017-03-11"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2018-11776","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2018-08-22"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data","id":"CVE-2017-9805","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2017-09-15"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Struts Command Injection","id":"CVE-2016-3081","kev_date_added":"2026-10-08","published":"2016-04-26"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0 1.0","name":"CISA KEV"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"BSD-3-Clause","name":"Metasploit"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"GPL-2.0-or-later","name":"Exploit-DB"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"active","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-10-22","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary Java code via crafted parameters due to unsafe OGNL expression evaluation in exception handling.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-0391/"}