# CVE-2012-2661: Active Record vulnerable to SQL Injection via nested query parameters

> Remote attackers can execute SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters in Ruby on Rails Active Record, potentially accessing or modifying database contents.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.0 (`AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 22 Jun 2012
- **Updated:** 6 Aug 2024
- **Also known as:** GHSA-fh39-v733-mxfr

## What is CVE-2012-2661?

CVE-2012-2661 is a medium-severity SQL injection vulnerability in Rubyonrails Rails, published on 22 Jun 2012. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

The Active Record component in Ruby on Rails 3.0.x before 3.0.13, 3.1.x before 3.1.5, and 3.2.x before 3.2.4 does not properly implement the passing of request data to a where method in an ActiveRecord class, which allows remote attackers to conduct certain SQL injection attacks via nested query parameters that leverage unintended recursion, a related issue to CVE-2012-2695.

Weakness: CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2012-2661?

6 open source packages ship an affected version, including activerecord. It affects 2 products.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.0.0 | 3.0.13 |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.0.0 | 3.0.13 |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.1.0 | 3.1.5 |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.1.0 | 3.1.5 |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.2.0 | 3.2.4 |
| `activerecord` | RubyGems | From 3.2.0 | 3.2.4 |

Products: Rubyonrails Rails, Rubyonrails Ruby on Rails.

## How do I fix CVE-2012-2661?

Upgrade activerecord to a fixed version for your release line: 3.0.13, 3.1.5 or 3.2.4.

## Is CVE-2012-2661 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2012-2661 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Public exploit code:

- https://github.com/r4x0r1337/-CVE-2012-2661-ActiveRecord-SQL-injection- (github_poc): https://github.com/r4x0r1337/-CVE-2012-2661-ActiveRecord-SQL-injection-

## Other vulnerabilities in Rubyonrails Rails

- [CVE-2013-0277](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-0277/): Active Record contains deserialization of arbitrary YAML (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2017-17916](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-17916/): SQL injection in n/a (high 8.1)
- [CVE-2017-17917](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-17917/): SQL injection in n/a (high 8.1)
- [CVE-2026-33195](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-33195/): Rails Active Storage has possible Path Traversal in DiskService (high 8.0)
- [CVE-2024-26142](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-26142/): Rails possible ReDoS vulnerability in Accept header parsing in Action Dispatch (high 7.5)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2012-2661 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2012-2661 is a medium-severity SQL injection vulnerability in Rubyonrails Rails, published on 22 Jun 2012. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2012-2661 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.0.0; fixed in 3.0.13
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.0.0; fixed in 3.0.13
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.1.0; fixed in 3.1.5
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.1.0; fixed in 3.1.5
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.2.0; fixed in 3.2.4
- activerecord (RubyGems): affected from 3.2.0; fixed in 3.2.4

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-2661/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-2661/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-2661
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2661
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2012-2661

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2012-2661/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.