{"answers":{"affected":"6 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.apache.struts:struts2-core. It affects 20 products.","exploited":"Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2016-3081 in the wild since at least 8 Oct 2026.","fix":"Upgrade org.apache.struts:struts2-core to a fixed version for your release line: 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3 or 2.3.28.1. US federal agencies must fix it by 11 Oct 2026.","what":"CVE-2016-3081 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in Apache Struts, published on 26 Apr 2016. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2016-3081 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2016-3081 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in Apache Struts, published on 26 Apr 2016. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2016-3081 in the wild since at least 8 Oct 2026.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.19; fixed in 2.3.20.3\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.19; fixed in 2.3.20.3\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.21; fixed in 2.3.24.3\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.21; fixed in 2.3.24.3\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.25; fixed in 2.3.28.1\n- org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven): affected from 2.3.25; fixed in 2.3.28.1\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-3081/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-3081/index.md)","id":"CVE-2016-3081","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-3081/index.md","name":"CVE-2016-3081","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"],"analysis":{"component_type":"web_application","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":true,"product_category":"Apache Struts framework","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code via method prefix when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled in Apache Struts.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"code_injection"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"redhat","cpe":[{"product":"struts","vendor":"apache"},{"product":"agile_controller-campus_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"anyoffice","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"firehunter6000_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"logcenter","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_18500_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_18500f_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_18800_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_18800f_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_5300_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_5500_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_5600_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_5800_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_6800_v3_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_9000_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_n8500_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"oceanstor_onebox_firmware","vendor":"huawei"},{"product":"flexcube_private_banking","vendor":"oracle"},{"product":"micros_retail_xbri_loss_prevention","vendor":"oracle"},{"product":"siebel_e-billing","vendor":"oracle"}],"cvss":{"score":8.1,"severity":"high","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-77","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command"}],"description":"Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.","ecosystems":["Maven"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":1,"first_seen":"2016-04-27","github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":1,"nuclei":1,"refs":[{"date":"2016-04-27","kind":"metasploit","ref":"exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec","stars":null,"title":"Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution"},{"date":"2016-05-02","kind":"exploitdb","ref":"39756","stars":null,"title":"Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)"},{"date":null,"kind":"nuclei","ref":"http/cves/2016/CVE-2016-3081.yaml","stars":null,"title":"Apache S2-032 Struts - Remote Code Execution"}],"tier":"exploited"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Apache Struts Command Injection","id":"CVE-2016-3081","indexable":true,"kev":{"dateAdded":"2026-10-08","dueDate":"2026-10-11","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","product":"Struts","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","vendorProject":"Apache","vulnerabilityName":"Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability"},"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Maven","product":"apache:struts","products":["apache:struts","oracle:flexcube_private_banking"],"type":"code_injection","year":"2016"},"n_packages":6,"n_references":11,"next":{"headline":"Remote Code Execution in Apache Struts","id":"CVE-2016-3082"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.20.3"],"introduced":["2.3.19"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.20.3"],"introduced":["2.3.19"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.24.3"],"introduced":["2.3.21"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.24.3"],"introduced":["2.3.21"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.28.1"],"introduced":["2.3.25"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["2.3.28.1"],"introduced":["2.3.25"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","source":"GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm"}],"prev":{"headline":"Cross-site scripting in n/a","id":"CVE-2016-3080"},"products":["n/a"],"published":"2016-04-26","related":[{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2020-17530","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2020-12-11"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts 1 Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2017-9791","kev_date_added":"2022-02-10","published":"2017-07-10"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-5638","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2017-03-11"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2012-0391","kev_date_added":"2022-01-21","published":"2012-01-08"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2018-11776","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2018-08-22"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data","id":"CVE-2017-9805","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2017-09-15"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0 1.0","name":"CISA KEV"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"BSD-3-Clause","name":"Metasploit"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"GPL-2.0-or-later","name":"Exploit-DB"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"Nuclei templates"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"active","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-10-09","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code via method prefix when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled in Apache Struts.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-3081/"}