{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 1 product.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2016-4557 exists.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch.","what":"CVE-2016-4557 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 23 May 2016. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2016-4557 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2016-4557 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 23 May 2016. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2016-4557 exists.\n\nAffected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-4557/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-4557/index.md)","id":"CVE-2016-4557","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-4557/index.md","name":"CVE-2016-4557","record":{"aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2016-4557","GHSA-3wq8-wfw2-w4xm","UBUNTU-CVE-2016-4557"],"analysis":{"component_type":"kernel","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["privilege_escalation","denial_of_service"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Linux kernel","requires_auth":"low_privilege","summary":"Local attackers can exploit a use-after-free in the BPF verifier to gain privileges or cause a denial of service via crafted instructions.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"use_after_free"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"mitre","cpe":[{"product":"linux_kernel","vendor":"linux"}],"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"high","source":"nvd","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[],"description":"The replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr function in kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly maintain an fd data structure, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via crafted BPF instructions that reference an incorrect file descriptor.","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":2,"first_seen":"2016-05-04","github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":1,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2016-05-04","kind":"exploitdb","ref":"39772","stars":null,"title":"Linux Kernel 4.4.x (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'double-fdput()' bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) Privilege Escalation"},{"date":"2016-05-04","kind":"metasploit","ref":"exploit/linux/local/bpf_priv_esc","stars":null,"title":"Linux BPF doubleput UAF Privilege Escalation"},{"date":"2016-11-14","kind":"exploitdb","ref":"40759","stars":null,"title":"Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'BPF' Local Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)"}],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Use after free in n/a","id":"CVE-2016-4557","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"linux:linux_kernel","products":["linux:linux_kernel"],"type":"use_after_free","year":"2016"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":9,"next":{"headline":"Use after free in n/a","id":"CVE-2016-4558"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Use after free in n/a","id":"CVE-2016-4556"},"products":["n/a"],"published":"2016-05-23","related":[{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write","id":"CVE-2026-53266","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2026-06-25"},{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2013-6282","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-11-19"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2022-0185","kev_date_added":"2024-08-21","published":"2022-02-11"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2013-2094","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-05-14"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Unspecified","id":"CVE-2026-53362","kev_date_added":"2026-08-27","published":"2026-07-04"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Missing Initialization of a Variable","id":"CVE-2026-46300","kev_date_added":"2026-10-28","published":"2026-05-23"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Race Condition","id":"CVE-2025-39964","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2025-10-13"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"BSD-3-Clause","name":"Metasploit"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"GPL-2.0-or-later","name":"Exploit-DB"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":null,"exploitation":null,"technical_impact":null},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2024-08-06","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Local attackers can exploit a use-after-free in the BPF verifier to gain privileges or cause a denial of service via crafted instructions.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-4557/"}