{"answers":{"affected":"4 open source packages ship an affected version, including rack. It affects 2 products.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2018-16471 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Upgrade rack to a fixed version for your release line: 1.6.11 or 2.0.6.","what":"CVE-2018-16471 is a medium-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in Debian Debian Linux, published on 13 Nov 2018. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2018-16471 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2018-16471 is a medium-severity cross-site scripting vulnerability in Debian Debian Linux, published on 13 Nov 2018. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2018-16471 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- rack (RubyGems): affected all versions; fixed in 1.6.11\n- rack (RubyGems): affected all versions; fixed in 1.6.11\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 2.0.0; fixed in 2.0.6\n- rack (RubyGems): affected from 2.0.0; fixed in 2.0.6\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-16471/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-16471/index.md)","id":"CVE-2018-16471","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-16471/index.md","name":"CVE-2018-16471","record":{"aliases":["DEBIAN-CVE-2018-16471","DLA-1585-1","GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg","MGASA-2018-0449","SUSE-SU-2019:1440-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2018-16471","USN-4089-1"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Ruby web server interface","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can inject malicious scripts via crafted requests affecting the scheme method, impacting applications that bypass standard escaping mechanisms.","user_interaction":"required","vuln_class":"xss"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"hackerone","cpe":[{"product":"debian_linux","vendor":"debian"},{"product":"rack","vendor":"rack_project"}],"cvss":{"score":6.1,"severity":"medium","source":"nvd","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","version":"3.0"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-79","name":"Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation"}],"description":"There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the `scheme` method on `Rack::Request`. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.","ecosystems":["RubyGems","SUSE:Enterprise Storage 4","SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7","SUSE:OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 8"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Rack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting","id":"CVE-2018-16471","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","product":"debian:debian_linux","products":["debian:debian_linux"],"type":"xss","year":"2018"},"n_packages":7,"n_references":5,"next":{"headline":"Prototype Pollution in cached-path-relative","id":"CVE-2018-16472"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["1.6.11"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["1.6.11"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","source":"GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["2.0.6"],"introduced":["2.0.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["2.0.6"],"introduced":["2.0.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","source":"GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Enterprise Storage 4","fixed":["1.6.11-3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/rubygem-rack\u0026distro=SUSE%20Enterprise%20Storage%204","source":"SUSE-SU-2019:1440-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 7","fixed":["1.6.11-3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/rubygem-rack\u0026distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%207","source":"SUSE-SU-2019:1440-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:OpenStack Cloud Crowbar 8","fixed":["1.6.11-3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"rubygem-rack","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/rubygem-rack\u0026distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%20Crowbar%208","source":"SUSE-SU-2019:1440-1"}],"prev":{"headline":"Rack vulnerable to Denial of Service","id":"CVE-2018-16470"},"products":["Rack"],"published":"2018-11-13","related":[{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"ProFTPD Improper Access Control","id":"CVE-2015-3306","kev_date_added":"2026-10-08","published":"2015-05-18"},{"cvss_score":9.9,"headline":"RoundCube Webmail Deserialization of Untrusted Data","id":"CVE-2025-49113","kev_date_added":"2026-02-20","published":"2025-06-02"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"GNU InetUtils Argument Injection","id":"CVE-2026-24061","kev_date_added":"2026-01-26","published":"2026-01-21"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions","id":"CVE-2025-39682","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2025-09-05"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Mozilla Firefox Use-After-Free","id":"CVE-2024-9680","kev_date_added":"2024-10-15","published":"2024-10-09"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"RARLAB UnRAR Directory Traversal","id":"CVE-2022-30333","kev_date_added":"2022-08-09","published":"2022-05-09"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Roundcube Webmail SQL Injection","id":"CVE-2021-44026","kev_date_added":"2023-06-22","published":"2021-11-19"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"SUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":null,"exploitation":null,"technical_impact":null},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2024-08-05","vendors":["Rack"]},"summary":"Attackers can inject malicious scripts via crafted requests affecting the scheme method, impacting applications that bypass standard escaping mechanisms.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-16471/"}