{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 4 products.","exploited":"Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2019-16928 in the wild since at least 3 Mar 2022.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch. US federal agencies must fix it by 17 Mar 2022.","what":"CVE-2019-16928 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in Canonical Ubuntu Linux, published on 27 Sep 2019. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2019-16928 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2019-16928 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in Canonical Ubuntu Linux, published on 27 Sep 2019. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2019-16928 in the wild since at least 3 Mar 2022.\n\nAffected product: Canonical Ubuntu Linux. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-16928/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-16928/index.md)","id":"CVE-2019-16928","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-16928/index.md","name":"CVE-2019-16928","record":{"aliases":["CLEANSTART-2025-PV46598","DEBIAN-CVE-2019-16928","DSA-4536-1","GHSA-xg2f-gj2p-r7xq"],"analysis":{"component_type":"server_software","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["code_execution"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Exim mail server","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code on Exim mail servers via a heap-based buffer overflow triggered by a long EHLO command.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"memory_corruption"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"mitre","cpe":[{"product":"ubuntu_linux","vendor":"canonical"},{"product":"debian_linux","vendor":"debian"},{"product":"exim","vendor":"exim"},{"product":"fedora","vendor":"fedoraproject"}],"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write"}],"description":"Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"exploited"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Exim Out-of-bounds Write","id":"CVE-2019-16928","indexable":true,"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-03-03","dueDate":"2022-03-17","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","product":"Exim Internet Mailer","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","vendorProject":"Exim","vulnerabilityName":"Exim Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability"},"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"canonical:ubuntu_linux","products":["canonical:ubuntu_linux","debian:debian_linux","exim:exim","fedoraproject:fedora"],"type":"memory_corruption","year":"2019"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":14,"next":{"headline":"Improper Authentication in Auth0.AuthenticationApi","id":"CVE-2019-16929"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Memory corruption in n/a","id":"CVE-2019-16927"},"products":["n/a"],"published":"2019-09-27","related":[{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"SaltStack Salt Authentication Bypass","id":"CVE-2020-11651","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2020-04-30"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"OpenSMTPD Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2020-7247","kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","published":"2020-01-29"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Exim Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2018-6789","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2018-02-08"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Oracle Java SE and Java SE Embedded Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2015-2590","kev_date_added":"2022-03-03","published":"2015-07-16"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Oracle JRE Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2013-0422","kev_date_added":"2022-05-25","published":"2013-01-10"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Oracle Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE) Arbitrary Code Execution","id":"CVE-2011-3544","kev_date_added":"2022-03-03","published":"2011-10-19"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0 1.0","name":"CISA KEV"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"active","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-10-21","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code on Exim mail servers via a heap-based buffer overflow triggered by a long EHLO command.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-16928/"}