# CVE-2021-23425: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

> Attackers can cause denial of service in applications using the trim-off-newlines library by submitting specially crafted strings that trigger excessive CPU usage.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.3 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 18 Aug 2021
- **Updated:** 16 Sep 2024
- **Also known as:** GHSA-38fc-wpqx-33j7

## What is CVE-2021-23425?

CVE-2021-23425 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in trim-off-newlines, published on 18 Aug 2021. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

All versions of package trim-off-newlines are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via string processing.

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2021-23425?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including trim-off-newlines. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `trim-off-newlines` | npm | All versions | 1.0.3 |
| `trim-off-newlines` | npm | All versions | 1.0.3 |

Products: Trim-Off-Newlines Project Trim-Off-Newlines.

## How do I fix CVE-2021-23425?

Upgrade trim-off-newlines to 1.0.3 or later.

## Is CVE-2021-23425 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2021-23425 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2021-23425 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2021-23425 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in trim-off-newlines, published on 18 Aug 2021. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2021-23425 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- trim-off-newlines (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 1.0.3
- trim-off-newlines (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 1.0.3

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-23425/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-23425/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23425
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23425
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2021-23425

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-23425/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.