{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 7 products.","exploited":"Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2021-42278 in the wild since at least 11 Apr 2022, including in ransomware campaigns.","fix":"No fix has been published for CVE-2021-42278 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available. US federal agencies must fix it by 2 May 2022.","what":"CVE-2021-42278 is a high-severity vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008, published on 10 Nov 2021. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2021-42278 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2021-42278 is a high-severity vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008, published on 10 Nov 2021. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2021-42278 in the wild since at least 11 Apr 2022, including in ransomware campaigns.\n\nAffected product: Microsoft Windows Server 2008. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-42278/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-42278/index.md)","id":"CVE-2021-42278","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-42278/index.md","name":"CVE-2021-42278","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-chp6-c7f5-h9w9"],"analysis":{"component_type":"operating_system","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["privilege_escalation"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Windows Server","requires_auth":"low_privilege","summary":"Attackers can elevate privileges in Active Directory Domain Services on Windows Server, requiring immediate patching by system administrators.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"privilege_escalation"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"microsoft","cpe":[{"product":"windows_server_2004","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_2008","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_2012","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_2016","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_2019","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_2022","vendor":"microsoft"},{"product":"windows_server_20h2","vendor":"microsoft"}],"cvss":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[],"description":"Active Directory Domain Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":"2021-12-11","github_poc":6,"max_poc_stars":1070,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2021-12-11T15:10:30Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/safebuffer/sam-the-admin","stars":1070,"title":"Exploiting CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287 to impersonate DA from standard domain user "},{"date":"2021-12-13T10:28:12Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/Ridter/noPac","stars":1027,"title":"Exploiting CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287 to impersonate DA from standard domain user "},{"date":"2021-12-13T23:15:05Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/ly4k/Pachine","stars":278,"title":"Python implementation for CVE-2021-42278 (Active Directory Privilege Escalation)"},{"date":"2021-12-13T15:24:59Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/waterrr/noPac","stars":6,"title":"Exploiting CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287"},{"date":"2021-12-27T13:10:45Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/cybersecurityworks553/noPac-detection","stars":2,"title":"Detection script for CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287"},{"date":"2026-07-07T03:58:03Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/xLTJ/noPac","stars":0,"title":"Go implementation of NoPac, exploiting CVE-2021-42278 and CVE-2021-42287"}],"tier":"exploited"},"has_fix":null,"headline":"Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2021-42278","indexable":true,"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-04-11","dueDate":"2022-05-02","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Known","product":"Active Directory","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","vendorProject":"Microsoft","vulnerabilityName":"Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services Privilege Escalation Vulnerability"},"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"microsoft:windows_server_2008","products":["microsoft:windows_server_2008","microsoft:windows_server_2012","microsoft:windows_server_2016","microsoft:windows_server_2019","microsoft:windows_server_2022","microsoft:windows_server_20h2"],"type":"privilege_escalation","year":"2021"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":1,"next":{"headline":"Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability","id":"CVE-2021-42279"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Diagnostics Hub Standard Collector Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability","id":"CVE-2021-42277"},"products":["Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1","Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2","Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2012","Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2012 R2","Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2016","Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2019","Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)","Windows Server 2022","Windows Server version 2004","Windows Server version 20H2"],"published":"2021-11-10","related":[{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2021-42287","kev_date_added":"2022-04-11","published":"2021-11-10"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Microsoft Windows Local Security Authority (LSA) Spoofing","id":"CVE-2021-36942","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2021-08-12"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0 1.0","name":"CISA KEV"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0","name":"PoC-in-GitHub"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"active","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-08-19","vendors":["Microsoft"]},"summary":"Attackers can elevate privileges in Active Directory Domain Services on Windows Server, requiring immediate patching by system administrators.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-42278/"}