{"answers":{"affected":"5 open source packages ship an affected version, including rails and actionpack. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2021-44528 exists.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch.","what":"CVE-2021-44528 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Rubyonrails Rails, published on 7 Jan 2022. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2021-44528 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2021-44528 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Rubyonrails Rails, published on 7 Jan 2022. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2021-44528 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- rails (Bitnami): affected from 7.0.0-rc2 up to 7.0.0-rc2; no fix listed\n- actionpack (RubyGems): affected from 6.0.0; fixed in 6.0.4.2\n- actionpack (RubyGems): affected from 6.0.0; fixed in 6.0.4.2\n- actionpack (RubyGems): affected from 6.1.0; fixed in 6.1.4.2\n- actionpack (RubyGems): affected from 6.1.0; fixed in 6.1.4.2\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-44528/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-44528/index.md)","id":"CVE-2021-44528","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-44528/index.md","name":"CVE-2021-44528","record":{"aliases":["BIT-rails-2021-44528","DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44528","GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc","UBUNTU-CVE-2021-44528"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["security_bypass"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":true,"product_category":"Ruby on Rails","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can redirect users to malicious sites via crafted headers in Action Pack when specific host authorization settings are enabled.","user_interaction":"required","vuln_class":"open_redirect"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"hackerone","cpe":[{"product":"rails","vendor":"rubyonrails"}],"cvss":{"score":6.1,"severity":"medium","source":"nvd","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-601","name":"URL Redirection to Untrusted Site"}],"description":"A open redirect vulnerability exists in Action Pack \u003e= 6.0.0 that could allow an attacker to craft a \"X-Forwarded-Host\" headers in combination with certain \"allowed host\" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.","ecosystems":["Bitnami","RubyGems"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":1,"refs":[{"date":null,"kind":"nuclei","ref":"http/cves/2021/CVE-2021-44528.yaml","stars":null,"title":"Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware"}],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"actionpack Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware","id":"CVE-2021-44528","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","product":"rubyonrails:rails","products":["rubyonrails:rails"],"type":"open_redirect","year":"2021"},"n_packages":5,"n_references":3,"next":{"headline":"Ivanti Endpoint Manager Cloud Service Appliance (EPM CSA) Code Injection Vulnerability","id":"CVE-2021-44529"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","fixed":[],"introduced":["7.0.0-rc2"],"last_affected":["7.0.0-rc2"],"package":"rails","purl":"pkg:bitnami/rails","source":"BIT-rails-2021-44528"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["6.0.4.2"],"introduced":["6.0.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"actionpack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["6.0.4.2"],"introduced":["6.0.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"actionpack","purl":"pkg:gem/actionpack","source":"GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["6.1.4.2"],"introduced":["6.1.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"actionpack","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc"},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","fixed":["6.1.4.2"],"introduced":["6.1.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"actionpack","purl":"pkg:gem/actionpack","source":"GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc"}],"prev":{"headline":"Denial of service in UniFi Switches","id":"CVE-2021-44527"},"products":["https://github.com/rails/rails"],"published":"2022-01-07","related":[{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Active Record contains deserialization of arbitrary YAML","id":"CVE-2013-0277","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2013-02-13"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"SQL injection in n/a","id":"CVE-2017-17916","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2017-12-29"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"SQL injection in n/a","id":"CVE-2017-17917","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2017-12-29"},{"cvss_score":8,"headline":"Rails Active Storage has possible Path Traversal in DiskService","id":"CVE-2026-33195","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-03-23"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Rails possible ReDoS vulnerability in Accept header parsing in Action Dispatch","id":"CVE-2024-26142","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2024-02-27"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"ReDoS based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch","id":"CVE-2023-22792","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2023-02-09"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Denial of Service in Action Dispatch","id":"CVE-2021-22902","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2021-06-11"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"Apache-2.0","name":"Bitnami","prefix":"BIT"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"Nuclei templates"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":null,"exploitation":null,"technical_impact":null},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2024-08-04","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Attackers can redirect users to malicious sites via crafted headers in Action Pack when specific host authorization settings are enabled.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-44528/"}