# CVE-2022-28397: Arbitrary file upload in Ghost

> Trusted users can upload malicious files to execute arbitrary code, though the vendor considers this behavior intentional.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 12 Apr 2022
- **Updated:** 9 Jul 2026
- **Also known as:** BIT-ghost-2022-28397, GHSA-ffhq-g856-9f2p

## What is CVE-2022-28397?

CVE-2022-28397 is a critical vulnerability in n/a, published on 12 Apr 2022. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the file upload module of Ghost CMS v4.42.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file. NOTE: Vendor states as detailed in Ghost's security documentation, files can only be uploaded and published by trusted users, this is intentional.

Weakness: CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2022-28397?

3 open source packages ship an affected version, including ghost. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `ghost` | Bitnami | From 4.42.0 | 4.42.1 |
| `ghost` | npm | All versions to 4.42.0 | None |
| `ghost` | npm | All versions to 4.42.0 | None |

Products: Ghost Ghost.

## How do I fix CVE-2022-28397?

Upgrade ghost to 4.42.1 or later.

## Is CVE-2022-28397 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2022-28397 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in n/a

- [CVE-2022-27139](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-27139/): Arbitrary file upload in Ghost (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2022-41654](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-41654/): ghost vulnerable to unauthorized newsletter modification via improper access controls (critical 9.6)
- [CVE-2026-26980](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-26980/): Ghost has a SQL Injection in its Content API (critical 9.4)
- [CVE-2024-34451](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-34451/): Security feature bypass in n/a (critical 9.1)
- [CVE-2024-23724](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-23724/): Ghost has possible Cross-site Scripting issue (critical 9.0)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2022-28397 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2022-28397 is a critical vulnerability in n/a, published on 12 Apr 2022. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2022-28397 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- ghost (Bitnami): affected from 4.42.0; fixed in 4.42.1
- ghost (npm): affected all versions up to 4.42.0; no fix listed
- ghost (npm): affected all versions up to 4.42.0; no fix listed

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-28397/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-28397/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-28397
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28397
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2022-28397

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-28397/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.