# CVE-2023-2291: Hardcoded credentials in Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products

> Hardcoded PostgreSQL credentials allow low-privileged users to escalate to administrative access and modify configuration data.

- **Severity:** High 7.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 26 Apr 2023
- **Updated:** 3 Feb 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-q9gm-gx3j-8hmm

## What is CVE-2023-2291?

CVE-2023-2291 is a high-severity vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products, published on 26 Apr 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Static credentials exist in the PostgreSQL data used in ManageEngine Access Manager Plus (AMP) build 4309, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro, and ManageEngine PAM360. These credentials could allow a malicious actor to modify configuration data that would escalate their permissions from that of a low-privileged user to an Administrative user.

Weakness: CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-2291?

It affects 3 products.


Products: Zohocorp Manageengine Access Manager Plus, Zohocorp Manageengine Pam360, Zohocorp Manageengine Password Manager Pro.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-2291?

No fix has been published for CVE-2023-2291 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2023-2291 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-2291 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products

- [CVE-2022-47966](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-47966/): Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products Remote Code Execution (critical 9.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-35405](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-35405/): Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products Remote Code Execution (critical 9.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-47523](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-47523/): SQL injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2022-43671](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-43671/): SQL injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2022-43672](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-43672/): SQL injection in n/a (critical 9.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-2291 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-2291 is a high-severity vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products, published on 26 Apr 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-2291 exists.

Affected product: Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-2291/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-2291/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2291
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2291
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-2291

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-2291/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.