{"answers":{"affected":"3 open source packages ship an affected version, including werkzeug and Werkzeug. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-25577 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Upgrade werkzeug to 2.2.3 or later.","what":"CVE-2023-25577 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in pallets werkzeug, published on 14 Feb 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2023-25577 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2023-25577 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in pallets werkzeug, published on 14 Feb 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-25577 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- werkzeug (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3\n- werkzeug (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3\n- Werkzeug (PyPI): affected all versions; fixed in 2.2.3\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-25577/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-25577/index.md)","id":"CVE-2023-25577","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-25577/index.md","name":"CVE-2023-25577","record":{"aliases":["AZL-13588","DEBIAN-CVE-2023-25577","GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323","PYSEC-2023-58","RHBA-2023:1507","RHBA-2023:1759","RHSA-2023:1281","ROOT-APP-PYPI-CVE-2023-25577","SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1","SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1","SUSE-SU-2023:1775-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-25577","openSUSE-SU-2024:12788-1"],"analysis":{"component_type":"library","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["denial_of_service"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Python web library","requires_auth":"none","summary":"An attacker can cause denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to endpoints parsing form data, exhausting CPU and memory resources.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"denial_of_service"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"GitHub_M","cpe":[{"product":"werkzeug","vendor":"palletsprojects"}],"cvss":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-770","name":"Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"}],"description":"Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug's multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.","ecosystems":["PyPI","Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.11::el8","Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.12::el9","Red Hat:openstack:13::el7","Red Hat:openstack:16.1::el8","Red Hat:openstack:16.2::el8","SUSE:Enterprise Storage 7","SUSE:Enterprise Storage 7.1","SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-ESPOS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP4","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP1","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP2","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3","SUSE:Manager Proxy 4.2","SUSE:Manager Server 4.2","openSUSE:Leap 15.4","openSUSE:Tumbleweed"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Werkzeug may allow high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields","id":"CVE-2023-25577","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"PyPI","product":null,"products":[],"type":"denial_of_service","year":"2023"},"n_packages":35,"n_references":5,"next":{"headline":"Starlite DoS vulnerability when parsing multipart request body","id":"CVE-2023-25578"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["2.2.3"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"Werkzeug","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["2.2.3"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"werkzeug","purl":"pkg:pypi/werkzeug","source":"GHSA-xg9f-g7g7-2323"},{"ecosystem":"PyPI","fixed":["2.2.3"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"werkzeug","purl":"pkg:pypi/werkzeug","source":"PYSEC-2023-58"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.11::el8","fixed":["0:2.0.3-5.el8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python-werkzeug","source":"RHBA-2023:1759"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.11::el8","fixed":["0:2.0.3-5.el8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-werkzeug","source":"RHBA-2023:1759"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.12::el9","fixed":["0:2.0.3-4.el9"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python-werkzeug","source":"RHBA-2023:1507"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openshift_ironic:4.12::el9","fixed":["0:2.0.3-4.el9"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-werkzeug","source":"RHBA-2023:1507"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:13::el7","fixed":["0:0.14.1-3.1.el7ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:13::el7","fixed":["0:0.14.1-3.1.el7ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python2-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python2-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:13::el7","fixed":["0:0.14.1-3.1.el7ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python2-werkzeug-doc","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python2-werkzeug-doc","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:16.1::el8","fixed":["0:0.14.1-12.el8ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:16.1::el8","fixed":["0:0.14.1-12.el8ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:16.2::el8","fixed":["0:0.14.1-12.el8ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:openstack:16.2::el8","fixed":["0:0.14.1-12.el8ost"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/python3-werkzeug","source":"RHSA-2023:1281"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Enterprise Storage 7","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Enterprise%20Storage%207","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Enterprise Storage 7.1","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Enterprise%20Storage%207.1","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Performance%20Computing%2015%20SP1-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Performance%20Computing%2015%20SP2-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-ESPOS","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Performance%20Computing%2015%20SP3-ESPOS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Performance%20Computing%2015%20SP3-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP4","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP4","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Package%20Hub%2015%20SP4","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12","fixed":["0.12.2-10.13.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2012","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1775-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Real%20Time%2015%20SP3","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2015%20SP1-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2015%20SP2-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2015%20SP3-LTSS","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP1","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2015%20SP1","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP2","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2015%20SP2","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2015%20SP3","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Manager Proxy 4.2","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Manager%20Proxy%204.2","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Manager Server 4.2","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=SUSE%20Manager%20Server%204.2","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Leap 15.4","fixed":["1.0.1-150300.3.3.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.4","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1693-1"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Leap 15.4","fixed":["0.14.1-150100.6.6.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug-doc","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/python-Werkzeug-doc\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.4","source":"SUSE-SU-2023:1664-1"},{"ecosystem":"openSUSE:Tumbleweed","fixed":["2.2.3-1.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python-Werkzeug","purl":"pkg:rpm/opensuse/python-Werkzeug\u0026distro=openSUSE%20Tumbleweed","source":"openSUSE-SU-2024:12788-1"}],"prev":{"headline":"@fastify/multipart vulnerable to DoS due to unlimited number of parts","id":"CVE-2023-25576"},"products":["werkzeug"],"published":"2023-02-14","related":[{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Other in n/a","id":"CVE-2022-29361","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2022-05-24"},{"cvss_score":8,"headline":"Werkzeug DoS: High resource usage when parsing multipart/form-data containing a large part with CR/LF character at the beginning","id":"CVE-2023-46136","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2023-10-24"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Pallets Werkzeug vulnerable to Path Traversal","id":"CVE-2019-14322","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2019-07-28"},{"cvss_score":6.3,"headline":"Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names","id":"CVE-2026-27199","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-02-21"},{"cvss_score":6.3,"headline":"Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names with compound extensions","id":"CVE-2026-21860","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-01-08"},{"cvss_score":6.3,"headline":"Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names","id":"CVE-2025-66221","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2025-11-29"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"PyPA Advisory Database","prefix":"PYSEC"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHBA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"SUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"openSUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-03-10","vendors":["pallets"]},"summary":"An attacker can cause denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to endpoints parsing form data, exhausting CPU and memory resources.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-25577/"}