{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 2 products.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-28002 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"No fix has been published for CVE-2023-28002 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.","what":"CVE-2023-28002 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Fortinet Fortios, published on 14 Nov 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2023-28002 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2023-28002 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Fortinet Fortios, published on 14 Nov 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-28002 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected product: Fortinet Fortios. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28002/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28002/index.md)","id":"CVE-2023-28002","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28002/index.md","name":"CVE-2023-28002","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-m6ww-2p98-rfp9"],"analysis":{"component_type":"network_device","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["code_execution","security_bypass"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Fortinet FortiOS","requires_auth":"high_privilege","summary":"A local admin can bypass filesystem integrity checks to boot a malicious image on FortiOS devices, compromising system security.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"security_feature_bypass"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"fortinet","cpe":[{"product":"fortios","vendor":"fortinet"},{"product":"fortiproxy","vendor":"fortinet"}],"cvss":{"score":5.8,"severity":"medium","source":"cna","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-354","name":"Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value"}],"description":"An improper validation of integrity check value vulnerability [CWE-354] in FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, 7.0.0 through 7.0.12, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions and VMs may allow a local attacker with admin privileges to boot a malicious image on the device and bypass the filesystem integrity check in place.","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[],"tier":"none_known"},"has_fix":null,"headline":"Security feature bypass in FortiOS","id":"CVE-2023-28002","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"fortinet:fortios","products":["fortinet:fortios","fortinet:fortiproxy"],"type":"security_feature_bypass","year":"2023"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":1,"next":{"headline":"Auth bypass in EcoStruxure Power Monitoring Expert","id":"CVE-2023-28003"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Auth bypass in FortiOS","id":"CVE-2023-28001"},"products":["FortiOS","FortiProxy"],"published":"2023-11-14","related":[{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Fortinet Multiple Products Format String","id":"CVE-2024-23113","kev_date_added":"2024-10-09","published":"2024-02-15"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Fortinet Multiple Products Authentication Bypass","id":"CVE-2022-40684","kev_date_added":"2022-10-11","published":"2022-10-18"},{"cvss_score":9.6,"headline":"Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy Authentication Bypass","id":"CVE-2024-55591","kev_date_added":"2025-01-14","published":"2025-01-14"},{"cvss_score":9.6,"headline":"Fortinet FortiOS Out-of-Bound Write","id":"CVE-2024-21762","kev_date_added":"2024-02-09","published":"2024-02-09"},{"cvss_score":9.3,"headline":"Fortinet FortiOS Heap-Based Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2022-42475","kev_date_added":"2022-12-13","published":"2023-01-02"},{"cvss_score":9.2,"headline":"Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy SSL-VPN Heap-Based Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2023-27997","kev_date_added":"2023-06-13","published":"2023-06-13"},{"cvss_score":9.1,"headline":"Fortinet Multiple Products Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","id":"CVE-2025-59718","kev_date_added":"2025-12-16","published":"2025-12-09"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-06-11","vendors":["Fortinet"]},"summary":"A local admin can bypass filesystem integrity checks to boot a malicious image on FortiOS devices, compromising system security.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28002/"}