# CVE-2023-28461: Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function

> Unauthenticated attackers can bypass authentication to browse the filesystem and execute remote code on Array Networks SSL VPN gateways.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Yes, since 25 Nov 2024 (CISA KEV), used in ransomware
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 15 Mar 2023
- **Updated:** 5 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-pj35-hgmm-7fgg

## What is CVE-2023-28461?

CVE-2023-28461 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in n/a, published on 15 Mar 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

Weakness: CWE-287 (Improper Authentication), CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Functionality)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-28461?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Arraynetworks Arrayos Ag.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-28461?

No fix has been published for CVE-2023-28461 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available. US federal agencies must fix it by 16 Dec 2024.

## Is CVE-2023-28461 being exploited?

Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-28461 in the wild since at least 25 Nov 2024, including in ransomware campaigns.

## Other vulnerabilities in n/a

- [CVE-2025-66644](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-66644/): Array Networks ArrayOS AG OS Command Injection (high 7.2, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2023-51707](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51707/): Command injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2022-42897](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-42897/): Command injection in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-41121](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-41121/): Denial of service in n/a (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2023-24613](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-24613/): Memory corruption in n/a (medium 4.9)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-28461 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-28461 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in n/a, published on 15 Mar 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-28461 in the wild since at least 25 Nov 2024, including in ransomware campaigns.

Affected product: n/a. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28461/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28461/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28461
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28461
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28461

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-28461/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.