# CVE-2023-31794: Denial of service in n/a

> Attackers can cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file due to infinite recursion in MuPDF, affecting applications using this library.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 31 Oct 2023
- **Updated:** 5 Sep 2024
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2023-31794, GHSA-fp46-48v5-9hqr, openSUSE-SU-2023:0363-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13404-1

## What is CVE-2023-31794?

CVE-2023-31794 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Artifex Mupdf, published on 31 Oct 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

MuPDF v1.21.1 was discovered to contain an infinite recursion in the component pdf_mark_list_push. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PDF file.

Weakness: CWE-674 (Uncontrolled Recursion)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-31794?

It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `mupdf` | SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP5 | All versions | 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1 |
| `mupdf` | openSUSE:Leap 15.5 | All versions | 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1 |
| `mupdf` | openSUSE:Tumbleweed | All versions | 1.23.4-2.1 |

Products: Artifex Mupdf.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-31794?

Upgrade to a fixed version.

## Is CVE-2023-31794 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-31794 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Artifex Mupdf

- [CVE-2019-7321](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-7321/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2016-6525](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-6525/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2011-0341](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2011-0341/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.3)
- [CVE-2016-8728](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-8728/): Memory corruption in MuPDF (high 8.6)
- [CVE-2021-3407](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-3407/): Use after free in mupdf (high 7.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-31794 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-31794 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Artifex Mupdf, published on 31 Oct 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-31794 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Artifex Mupdf. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-31794/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-31794/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-31794
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31794
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-31794

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-31794/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.