{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 3 products.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-32233 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Apply the vendor's patch.","what":"CVE-2023-32233 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 8 May 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2023-32233 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2023-32233 is a high-severity use after free vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 8 May 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-32233 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-32233/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-32233/index.md)","id":"CVE-2023-32233","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-32233/index.md","name":"CVE-2023-32233","record":{"aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2023-32233","ALSA-2023:3349","ALSA-2023:3350","AZL-26690","DEBIAN-CVE-2023-32233","GHSA-4qxv-phx5-f6fx","RHSA-2023:3350","RHSA-2023:3351","RLSA-2023:3350","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-32233"],"analysis":{"component_type":"kernel","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["privilege_escalation","code_execution"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Linux kernel","requires_auth":"low_privilege","summary":"Unprivileged local users can gain root privileges via a use-after-free in the Linux kernel's Netfilter nf_tables component.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"use_after_free"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"mitre","cpe":[{"product":"linux_kernel","vendor":"linux"},{"product":"hci_baseboard_management_controller","vendor":"netapp"},{"product":"enterprise_linux","vendor":"redhat"}],"cvss":{"score":7.8,"severity":"high","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-416","name":"Use After Free"}],"description":"In the Linux kernel through 6.3.1, a use-after-free in Netfilter nf_tables when processing batch requests can be abused to perform arbitrary read and write operations on kernel memory. Unprivileged local users can obtain root privileges. This occurs because anonymous sets are mishandled.","ecosystems":["AlmaLinux:8","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::nfv","Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::realtime","Rocky Linux:8"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":"2023-05-16","github_poc":7,"max_poc_stars":383,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2023-05-16T03:06:40Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/Liuk3r/CVE-2023-32233","stars":383,"title":"CVE-2023-32233: Linux内核中的安全漏洞"},{"date":"2023-05-16T05:58:03Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/oferchen/POC-CVE-2023-32233","stars":53,"title":"Use-After-Free in Netfilter nf_tables when processing batch requests CVE-2023-32233"},{"date":"2023-05-16T02:22:26Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/PIDAN-HEIDASHUAI/CVE-2023-32233","stars":3,"title":"自用，poc作者为Piotr Krysiuk，在使用前请先阅读README.md"},{"date":"2024-04-01T01:20:21Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/void0red/CVE-2023-32233","stars":1,"title":null},{"date":"2026-05-20T12:58:23Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/Destawell/gemini-2.5-pro-nf-tables-red-teaming","stars":1,"title":"Gemini 2.5 Pro nf_tables Red Teaming Case Study (CVE-2023-32233) — LLM Safety Alignment \u0026 Responsible Disclosure"},{"date":"2024-02-04T02:24:34Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/RogelioPumajulca/TEST-CVE-2023-32233","stars":0,"title":"CVE-2023-32233"},{"date":"2026-05-22T09:38:44Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/Destawell/gemini-2.5-pro-nf-tables-red-teamin","stars":0,"title":"A technical case study and timeline dataset documenting Google Gemini 2.5 Pro's safety alignment policies, guardrails, and refusal behavior evolution regarding legacy Linux kernel vulnerability primitives (CVE-2023-32233)."}],"tier":"poc_unverified"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Use after free in n/a","id":"CVE-2023-32233","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"linux:linux_kernel","products":["linux:linux_kernel","redhat:enterprise_linux"],"type":"use_after_free","year":"2023"},"n_packages":68,"n_references":11,"next":{"headline":"Path Traversal in Ghost","id":"CVE-2023-32235"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"bpftool","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/bpftool","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-abi-stablelists","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-abi-stablelists","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-core","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-cross-headers","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-cross-headers","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-debug","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-debug-core","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-debug-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-debug-modules","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-debug-modules-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-debug-modules-extra","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-doc","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-doc","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-modules","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-modules-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-modules-extra","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-core","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug-core","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-kvm","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug-kvm","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug-modules","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-kvm","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-kvm","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-modules","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt-modules-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-rt-modules-extra","source":"ALSA-2023:3350"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-tools","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-tools","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-tools-libs","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-tools-libs","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-tools-libs-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-tools-libs-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-zfcpdump","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-core","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-zfcpdump-core","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-devel","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-zfcpdump-devel","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-modules","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-zfcpdump-modules","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extra","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extra","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"perf","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/perf","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"AlmaLinux:8","fixed":["4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"python3-perf","purl":"pkg:rpm/almalinux/python3-perf","source":"ALSA-2023:3349"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos","fixed":["0:1-1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1","source":"RHSA-2023:3351"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos","fixed":["0:1-1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1-debuginfo","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1-debuginfo","source":"RHSA-2023:3351"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos","fixed":["0:1-1.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1-debugsource","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_10_1-debugsource","source":"RHSA-2023:3351"},{"ecosystem":"Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::nfv","fixed":["0:4.18.0-477.13.1.rt7.276.el8_8"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"kernel-rt","purl":"pkg:rpm/redhat/kernel-rt","source":"RHSA-2023:3350"}],"prev":{"headline":"Privilege escalation in n/a","id":"CVE-2023-32232"},"products":["n/a"],"published":"2023-05-08","related":[{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write","id":"CVE-2026-53266","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2026-06-25"},{"cvss_score":8.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation","id":"CVE-2013-6282","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-11-19"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow","id":"CVE-2022-0185","kev_date_added":"2024-08-21","published":"2022-02-11"},{"cvss_score":8.4,"headline":"Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2013-2094","kev_date_added":"2022-09-15","published":"2013-05-14"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Unspecified","id":"CVE-2026-53362","kev_date_added":"2026-08-27","published":"2026-07-04"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Missing Initialization of a Variable","id":"CVE-2026-46300","kev_date_added":"2026-10-28","published":"2026-05-23"},{"cvss_score":7.8,"headline":"Linux Kernel Race Condition","id":"CVE-2025-39964","kev_date_added":"2026-09-18","published":"2025-10-13"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"AlmaLinux","prefix":"ALSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Red Hat","prefix":"RHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0","name":"PoC-in-GitHub"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-10-14","vendors":["n/a"]},"summary":"Unprivileged local users can gain root privileges via a use-after-free in the Linux kernel's Netfilter nf_tables component.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-32233/"}