{"answers":{"affected":"It affects 3 products.","exploited":"Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-41991 in the wild since at least 25 Sep 2023.","fix":"No fix has been published for CVE-2023-41991 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available. US federal agencies must fix it by 16 Oct 2023.","what":"CVE-2023-41991 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apple Ipados, published on 21 Sep 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2023-41991 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2023-41991 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apple Ipados, published on 21 Sep 2023. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.\nExploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-41991 in the wild since at least 25 Sep 2023.\n\nAffected product: Apple Ipados. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-41991/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-41991/index.md)","id":"CVE-2023-41991","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-41991/index.md","name":"CVE-2023-41991","record":{"aliases":["GHSA-fj3m-2r8f-m4x9"],"analysis":{"component_type":"operating_system","fix_type":"patch","impacts":["security_bypass"],"network_reachable":"adjacent_or_local","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Apple mobile OS","requires_auth":"none","summary":"A malicious app can bypass signature validation on Apple mobile operating systems, allowing unauthorized code execution or installation.","user_interaction":"required","vuln_class":"security_feature_bypass"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"apple","cpe":[{"product":"ipados","vendor":"apple"},{"product":"iphone_os","vendor":"apple"},{"product":"macos","vendor":"apple"}],"cvss":{"score":5.5,"severity":"medium","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-295","name":"Improper Certificate Validation"}],"description":"A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.","ecosystems":[],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":"2023-11-28","github_poc":3,"max_poc_stars":6,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2023-11-28T23:59:40Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/itsgiddd/CVE-2023-41991","stars":6,"title":null},{"date":"2025-03-18T09:48:13Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/dmytrozykov/appsign","stars":1,"title":"iOS/macOS library that exploits CVE-2023-41991 for signing iOS applications."},{"date":"2026-10-15T03:20:23Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/lambertse/CoreTrust-bypass","stars":0,"title":"CVE-2023-41991 vulnerability exploitation - allow malicious app able to bypass the signature validation."}],"tier":"exploited"},"has_fix":null,"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation","id":"CVE-2023-41991","indexable":true,"kev":{"dateAdded":"2023-09-25","dueDate":"2023-10-16","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","product":"Multiple Products","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","vendorProject":"Apple","vulnerabilityName":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability"},"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":null,"product":"apple:ipados","products":["apple:ipados","apple:iphone_os","apple:macos"],"type":"security_feature_bypass","year":"2023"},"n_packages":0,"n_references":2,"next":{"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Kernel Privilege Escalation","id":"CVE-2023-41992"},"packages":[],"prev":{"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Code Execution","id":"CVE-2023-41990"},"products":["iOS and iPadOS","macOS"],"published":"2023-09-21","related":[{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS Out-of-Bounds Write","id":"CVE-2025-43300","kev_date_added":"2025-08-21","published":"2025-08-21"},{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Apple Multiple Products WebKit Out-of-Bounds Write","id":"CVE-2025-24201","kev_date_added":"2025-03-13","published":"2025-03-11"},{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Use-After-Free","id":"CVE-2025-24085","kev_date_added":"2025-01-29","published":"2025-01-27"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Memory Corruption","id":"CVE-2025-31200","kev_date_added":"2025-04-17","published":"2025-04-16"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write","id":"CVE-2025-31201","kev_date_added":"2025-04-17","published":"2025-04-16"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apple Memory Corruption","id":"CVE-2022-22587","kev_date_added":"2022-01-28","published":"2022-03-18"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS WebKit Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2021-1870","kev_date_added":"2021-11-03","published":"2021-04-02"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0 1.0","name":"CISA KEV"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0","name":"PoC-in-GitHub"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"no","exploitation":"active","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-11-04","vendors":["Apple"]},"summary":"A malicious app can bypass signature validation on Apple mobile operating systems, allowing unauthorized code execution or installation.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-41991/"}