# CVE-2023-44487 (HTTP/2 Rapid Reset): HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack > Attackers can cause server resource exhaustion and denial of service by rapidly resetting HTTP/2 streams, affecting various server software implementations. - **Severity:** High 7.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`) - **Exploited in the wild:** Yes, since 10 Oct 2023 (CISA KEV) - **Login needed:** Not needed - **Attackable:** Over the internet - **Victim action needed:** Not needed - **Fix available:** Yes - **Published:** 10 Oct 2023 - **Updated:** 14 Oct 2026 - **Also known as:** ALPINE-CVE-2023-44487, ALSA-2023:5708, ALSA-2023:5709, ALSA-2023:5710, ALSA-2023:5711, ALSA-2023:5712, ALSA-2023:5713, ALSA-2023:5749, ALSA-2023:5765, ALSA-2023:5837, ALSA-2023:5838, ALSA-2023:5850, ALSA-2023:5924, ALSA-2023:5928, ALSA-2023:5929, ALSA-2023:5989, ALSA-2023:6120, ALSA-2023:6746, AZL-31291, AZL-31292, AZL-31296, AZL-31297, AZL-31299, AZL-31300, AZL-31301, AZL-31304, AZL-31305, AZL-31306, AZL-31307, AZL-31312, AZL-31313, AZL-31314, AZL-31315, AZL-31316, AZL-31317, AZL-31318, AZL-31319, AZL-31323, AZL-31324, AZL-31325, AZL-31326, AZL-31327, AZL-31328, AZL-31329, AZL-31331, AZL-31332, AZL-31333, AZL-31335, AZL-31336, AZL-31339, AZL-31340, AZL-31341, AZL-31342, AZL-31343, AZL-31345, AZL-31346, AZL-31347, AZL-31348, AZL-31491, AZL-31493, AZL-31498, AZL-31519, AZL-31520, AZL-31693, AZL-33343, AZL-34545, AZL-34568, AZL-34579, AZL-34591, AZL-34609, AZL-34619, AZL-34623, AZL-34626, AZL-34682, AZL-34686, AZL-34771, AZL-34799, AZL-34805, AZL-34819, AZL-34825, AZL-34827, AZL-34837, AZL-34890, AZL-34895, AZL-34904, AZL-34964, AZL-34997, AZL-35008, AZL-35015, AZL-35028, AZL-35038, AZL-35068, AZL-35097, AZL-35114, AZL-35117, AZL-35282, AZL-35297, AZL-35350, AZL-35436, AZL-35441, AZL-37314, AZL-37404, AZL-39603, AZL-42750, AZL-43465, AZL-43747, AZL-44124, BELL-CVE-2023-44487, BIT-apisix-2023-44487, BIT-aspnet-core-2023-44487, BIT-contour-2023-44487, BIT-dotnet-2023-44487, BIT-dotnet-sdk-2023-44487, BIT-envoy-2023-44487, BIT-golang-2023-44487, BIT-jenkins-2023-44487, BIT-kong-2023-44487, BIT-nginx-2023-44487, BIT-nginx-gateway-2023-44487, BIT-node-2023-44487, BIT-node-min-2023-44487, BIT-solr-2023-44487, BIT-tomcat-2023-44487, BIT-varnish-2023-44487, CLEANSTART-2024-ND97566, CLEANSTART-2025-MG51423, CLEANSTART-2026-BM42059, CLEANSTART-2026-HP67102, CLEANSTART-2026-JF99427, CLEANSTART-2026-RN09540, CLEANSTART-2026-XK97843, CLSA-2023-1697742241, CLSA-2023-1697742355, CLSA-2023-1697817547, CLSA-2023-1698101447, CLSA-2023-1698689602, CLSA-2023-1698689712, CLSA-2023-1698689824, CLSA-2023-1698689944, CLSA-2023-1698690146, CLSA-2024-1715280815, CLSA-2025-1742319076, CLSA-2025-1743164157, CLSA-2025-1760722427, CLSA-2026-1780361392, DEBIAN-CVE-2023-44487, DLA-3638-1, DLA-3656-1, DSA-5570-1, ECHO-56a6-a351-03e9, GHSA-m425-mq94-257g, GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3, GO-2023-2153, JLSEC-2026-3, MINI-6ccx-5332-8j58, MINI-6qv3-h2r9-2mrr, MINI-v4x4-mq59-2hq4, OESA-2023-1771, OESA-2023-1777, OESA-2024-1169, OESA-2024-1170, OESA-2024-1171, OESA-2024-1172, OESA-2024-1173, OESA-2024-1189, RLSA-2023:5708, RLSA-2023:5749, RLSA-2023:5765, RLSA-2023:5837, RLSA-2023:5838, RLSA-2023:5850, RLSA-2023:5924, RLSA-2023:5928, RLSA-2023:5989, RLSA-2023:6120, RLSA-2023:6746, ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2023-44487, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-11-CVE-2023-44487, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2023-44487, SUSE-SU-2023:4163-1, SUSE-SU-2023:4199-1, SUSE-SU-2023:4200-1, SUSE-SU-2023:4295-1, SUSE-SU-2023:4492-1, SUSE-SU-2023:4624-1, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-44487, USN-6427-1, USN-6427-2, USN-6505-1, USN-7067-1, USN-7410-1, USN-7469-1, USN-7469-2, USN-7469-3, USN-7469-4, USN-7892-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13331-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13336-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13390-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13391-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13443-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13466-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:13482-1, openSUSE-SU-2024:14292-1 ## What is CVE-2023-44487? CVE-2023-44487 (HTTP/2 Rapid Reset) is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 10 Oct 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim. ### Official description The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023. Weakness: CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) ## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-44487? 40 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, apisix and aspnet-core. It affects 165 products. | Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 10.0.0 | 10.1.14 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 10.0.0 | 10.1.14 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 11.0.0-M1 | 11.0.0-M12 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 11.0.0-M1 | 11.0.0-M12 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 8.5.0 | 8.5.94 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 8.5.0 | 8.5.94 | | `org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core` | Maven | From 9.0.0 | 9.0.81 | | `apisix` | Bitnami | All versions | 3.6.1 | | `aspnet-core` | Bitnami | From 6.0.0 | 6.0.23, 7.0.12 | | `contour` | Bitnami | All versions | 1.24.6 | | `dotnet` | Bitnami | From 6.0.0 | 6.0.23, 7.0.12 | | `dotnet-sdk` | Bitnami | From 6.0.0 | 6.0.23, 7.0.12 | | `envoy` | Bitnami | All versions | 1.24.12, 1.25.11, 1.26.6, 1.27.2 | | `golang` | Bitnami | All versions | 1.20.10, 1.21.3 | | `jenkins` | Bitnami | All versions | 2.414.3, 2.428.0 | | `kong` | Bitnami | All versions | 3.4.2 | | `nginx` | Bitnami | From 1.9.5 | 1.25.3 | | `nginx-gateway` | Bitnami | From 1.9.5 | 1.25.3 | | `node` | Bitnami | All versions | 18.18.2, 20.8.1 | | `node-min` | Bitnami | All versions | 18.18.2, 20.8.1 | | `solr` | Bitnami | All versions | 9.4.0 | | `tomcat` | Bitnami | From 8.5.0 | 8.5.94, 9.0.81, 10.1.14 | | `varnish` | Bitnami | All versions | 6.0.12, 7.3.1, 7.4.2 | | `golang.org/x/net` | Go | All versions | 0.17.0 | | `golang.org/x/net` | Go | All versions | 0.17.0 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | All versions | 1.56.3, 1.57.1, 1.58.3 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | All versions | 1.56.3 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | All versions | 1.56.3 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | From 1.57.0 | 1.57.1 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | From 1.57.0 | 1.57.1 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | From 1.58.0 | 1.58.3 | | `google.golang.org/grpc` | Go | From 1.58.0 | 1.58.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.11` | Maven | All versions to 10.1.15 | None | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.11` | Maven | All versions to 10.1.15 | None | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.12` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.12` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | | `com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13` | Maven | All versions | 10.5.3 | Products: Akka Http Server, Amazon Opensearch Data Prepper, Apache Apisix, Apache Solr, Apache Tomcat, Apache Traffic Server, Apple Swiftnio Http\/2, Caddyserver Caddy, Cisco Business Process Automation, Cisco Connected Mobile Experiences, Cisco Crosswork Data Gateway, Cisco Crosswork Situation Manager, Cisco Crosswork Zero Touch Provisioning, Cisco Data Center Network Manager, Cisco Enterprise Chat and Email, Cisco Expressway, Cisco Fog Director, Cisco Ios Xe, Cisco Ios Xr, Cisco Iot Field Network Director and 145 more. ## How do I fix CVE-2023-44487? Upgrade org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to a fixed version for your release line: 10.1.14, 11.0.0-M12, 8.5.94 or 9.0.81. US federal agencies must fix it by 31 Oct 2023. ## Is CVE-2023-44487 being exploited? Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-44487 in the wild since at least 10 Oct 2023. Public exploit code: - Basic vulnerability scanning to see if web servers may be vulnerable to CVE-2023-44487 (github_poc): https://github.com/bcdannyboy/CVE-2023-44487 - Tool for testing mitigations and exposure to Rapid Reset DDoS (CVE-2023-44487) (github_poc): https://github.com/secengjeff/rapidresetclient - Proof of concept for DoS exploit (github_poc): https://github.com/imabee101/CVE-2023-44487 - A python based exploit to test out rapid reset attack (CVE-2023-44487) (github_poc): https://github.com/studiogangster/CVE-2023-44487 - Examples for Implementing cve-2023-44487 ( HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack ) Concept (github_poc): https://github.com/nxenon/cve-2023-44487 - https://github.com/threatlabindonesia/CVE-2023-44487-HTTP-2-Rapid-Reset-Exploit-PoC (github_poc): https://github.com/threatlabindonesia/CVE-2023-44487-HTTP-2-Rapid-Reset-Exploit-PoC ## Other vulnerabilities in Apache Tomcat - [CVE-2021-42697](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-42697/): Uncontrolled Recursion in Akka HTTP (high 7.5) - [CVE-2017-1000118](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-1000118/): Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in akka-http-core (high 7.5) ## Fix prompt for AI coding agents ```text Check this codebase for CVE-2023-44487 (HTTP/2 Rapid Reset) and fix it if it is affected. What it is: CVE-2023-44487 (HTTP/2 Rapid Reset) is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 10 Oct 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim. Exploitation: Yes. Attackers have exploited CVE-2023-44487 in the wild since at least 10 Oct 2023. Affected packages and fixed versions: - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.0.0; fixed in 10.1.14 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.0.0; fixed in 10.1.14 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M1; fixed in 11.0.0-M12 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M1; fixed in 11.0.0-M12 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0; fixed in 8.5.94 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0; fixed in 8.5.94 - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 9.0.0; fixed in 9.0.81 - apisix (Bitnami): affected all versions; fixed in 3.6.1 - aspnet-core (Bitnami): affected from 6.0.0; fixed in 6.0.23, 7.0.12 - contour (Bitnami): affected all versions; fixed in 1.24.6 - dotnet (Bitnami): affected from 6.0.0; fixed in 6.0.23, 7.0.12 - dotnet-sdk (Bitnami): affected from 6.0.0; fixed in 6.0.23, 7.0.12 Task: 1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies. 2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it. 3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead. 4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why. 5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing. Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-44487/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-44487/index.md) ``` ## Sources - CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 - NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44487 - OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-44487 --- From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-44487/ Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.