# CVE-2023-45025: QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud

> Attackers can execute arbitrary commands via network access on QNAP NAS operating systems, requiring an upgrade to patched versions.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.0 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 2 Feb 2024
- **Updated:** 16 Jun 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-w4qh-vg3x-929v

## What is CVE-2023-45025?

CVE-2023-45025 is a critical command injection vulnerability in Qnap Qts, published on 2 Feb 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QTS 4.5.4.2627 build 20231225 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later
QuTS hero h4.5.4.2626 build 20231225 and later
QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later

Weakness: CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command), CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-45025?

It affects 3 products.


Products: Qnap Qts, Qnap Quts Hero, Qnap Qutscloud.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-45025?

No fix has been published for CVE-2023-45025 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2023-45025 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-45025 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Qnap Qts

- [CVE-2020-2509](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2020-2509/): QNAP Network-Attached Storage (NAS) Command Injection (critical 9.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2018-19949](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-19949/): QNAP NAS File Station Command Injection (critical 9.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2019-7193](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-7193/): QNAP QTS Improper Input Validation (critical 9.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2018-19943](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-19943/): QNAP NAS File Station Cross-Site Scripting (high 8.0, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2018-19953](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2018-19953/): QNAP NAS File Station Cross-Site Scripting (medium 6.1, exploited in the wild)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-45025 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-45025 is a critical command injection vulnerability in Qnap Qts, published on 2 Feb 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-45025 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Qnap Qts. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45025/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45025/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45025
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45025
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-45025

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45025/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.