{"answers":{"affected":"25 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, tomcat and org.apache.tomcat:tomcat. It affects 2 products.","exploited":"It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-45648 exists.","fix":"Upgrade org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to a fixed version for your release line: 10.1.14, 11.0.0-M12, 8.5.94 or 9.0.81.","what":"CVE-2023-45648 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 10 Oct 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2023-45648 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2023-45648 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 10 Oct 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-45648 exists.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.1.0-M1; fixed in 10.1.14\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.1.0-M1; fixed in 10.1.14\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M1; fixed in 11.0.0-M12\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M1; fixed in 11.0.0-M12\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0; fixed in 8.5.94\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0; fixed in 8.5.94\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 9.0.0-M1; fixed in 9.0.81\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 9.0.0-M1; fixed in 9.0.81\n- tomcat (Bitnami): affected from 8.5.0; fixed in 8.5.94, 9.0.81, 10.1.14\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat (Maven): affected from 10.1.0-M1; fixed in 10.1.14\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat (Maven): affected from 10.1.0-M1; fixed in 10.1.14\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M1; fixed in 11.0.0-M12\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45648/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45648/index.md)","id":"CVE-2023-45648","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45648/index.md","name":"CVE-2023-45648","record":{"aliases":["BIT-tomcat-2023-45648","CLSA-2025-1738695770","DEBIAN-CVE-2023-45648","GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x","OESA-2023-1788","UBUNTU-CVE-2023-45648"],"analysis":{"component_type":"server_software","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["security_bypass"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":false,"product_category":"Apache Tomcat","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can exploit improper trailer header parsing to perform request smuggling, bypassing security controls in Apache Tomcat deployments.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"other"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"apache","cpe":[{"product":"tomcat","vendor":"apache"},{"product":"debian_linux","vendor":"debian"}],"cvss":{"score":5.3,"severity":"medium","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-20","name":"Improper Input Validation"}],"description":"Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially \ncrafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single \nrequest as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request \nsmuggling when behind a reverse proxy.\n\nOlder, EOL versions may also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.","ecosystems":["Bitnami","Maven"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":null,"github_poc":0,"max_poc_stars":null,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":1,"refs":[{"date":null,"kind":"nuclei","ref":"http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-45648.yaml","stars":null,"title":"Apache Tomcat - HTTP Request Smuggling"}],"tier":"weaponised"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: Trailer header parsing too lenient","id":"CVE-2023-45648","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","product":"apache:tomcat","products":["apache:tomcat","debian:debian_linux"],"type":"other","year":"2023"},"n_packages":25,"n_references":1,"next":{"headline":"WordPress Appointment Hour Booking plugin \u003c= 1.4.23 - Broken Access Control vulnerability","id":"CVE-2023-45649"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","fixed":["8.5.94","9.0.81","10.1.14"],"introduced":["8.5.0","9.0.1","10.1.1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"tomcat","purl":"pkg:bitnami/tomcat","source":"BIT-tomcat-2023-45648"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.14"],"introduced":["10.1.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.0-M12"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["8.5.94"],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.81"],"introduced":["9.0.0-M1"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-coyote","source":"GHSA-r6j3-px5g-cq3x"}],"prev":{"headline":"WordPress Constant Contact Forms by MailMunch Plugin \u003c= 2.0.10 is vulnerable to Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)","id":"CVE-2023-45647"},"products":["Apache Tomcat"],"published":"2023-10-10","related":[{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Path Equivalence","id":"CVE-2025-24813","kev_date_added":"2025-04-01","published":"2025-03-10"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2016-8735","kev_date_added":"2023-05-12","published":"2017-04-06"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-12617","kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","published":"2017-10-03"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Tomcat on Windows Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-12615","kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","published":"2017-09-19"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data","id":"CVE-2026-34486","kev_date_added":"2026-08-04","published":"2026-04-09"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: HTTP/2 no-authority bypass of strict SNI validation - CVE-2026-32990 fix incomplete","id":"CVE-2026-65637","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-08-25"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: Limited replay attack possible with DIGEST authentication","id":"CVE-2026-65905","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-08-25"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"Apache-2.0","name":"Bitnami","prefix":"BIT"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"MIT","name":"Nuclei templates"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"partial"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2025-10-29","vendors":["Apache Software Foundation"]},"summary":"Attackers can exploit improper trailer header parsing to perform request smuggling, bypassing security controls in Apache Tomcat deployments.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-45648/"}