# CVE-2023-49391: free5GC AMF denial of service vulnerability

> Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code and cause denial of service in the AMF component via crafted NGAP messages.

- **Severity:** High 7.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 22 Dec 2023
- **Updated:** 12 Sep 2024
- **Also known as:** GHSA-jcrr-rr6w-8c83

## What is CVE-2023-49391?

CVE-2023-49391 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in Free5gc Free5gc, published on 22 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

An issue was discovered in free5GC version 3.3.0, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service (DoS) on AMF component via crafted NGAP message.

Weakness: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-49391?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including github.com/free5gc/amf. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `github.com/free5gc/amf` | Go | All versions to 1.2.0 | None |
| `github.com/free5gc/amf` | Go | All versions to 1.2.0 | None |

Products: Free5gc Free5gc.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-49391?

No fix has been published for CVE-2023-49391 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2023-49391 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-49391 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Free5gc Free5gc

- [CVE-2026-44327](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44327/): free5GC: NEF nnef-oam route group is unauthenticated; no-token requests reach the OAM handler (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-44329](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44329/): free5GC's SMF UPI management interface lacks auth middleware; unauthenticated topology read/write requests reach handlers (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2026-44330](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44330/): free5GC's NEF nnef-pfdmanagement API is unauthenticated; forged bearer tokens can read PFD data and create/delete PFD subscriptions (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2025-63679](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-63679/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2026-44315](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-44315/): free5GC's NEF 3gpp-pfd-management API is unauthenticated; forged bearer tokens can create, read, and delete PFD transactions (critical 9.4)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-49391 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-49391 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in Free5gc Free5gc, published on 22 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-49391 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- github.com/free5gc/amf (Go): affected all versions up to 1.2.0; no fix listed
- github.com/free5gc/amf (Go): affected all versions up to 1.2.0; no fix listed

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-49391/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-49391/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-49391
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49391
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-49391

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-49391/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.