# CVE-2023-50428: Business logic in n/a

> Attackers can bypass data carrier size limits by obfuscating data as code, allowing excessive data storage in Bitcoin transactions.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.3 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 9 Dec 2023
- **Updated:** 2 Aug 2024
- **Also known as:** GHSA-9x7v-86jh-jjch

## What is CVE-2023-50428?

CVE-2023-50428 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Bitcoin Bitcoin Core, published on 9 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In Bitcoin Core through 26.0 and Bitcoin Knots before 25.1.knots20231115, datacarrier size limits can be bypassed by obfuscating data as code (e.g., with OP_FALSE OP_IF), as exploited in the wild by Inscriptions in 2022 and 2023. NOTE: although this is a vulnerability from the perspective of the Bitcoin Knots project, some others consider it "not a bug."

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-50428?

It affects 2 products.


Products: Bitcoin Bitcoin Core, Bitcoinknots Bitcoin Knots.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-50428?

No fix has been published for CVE-2023-50428 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2023-50428 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-50428 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Bitcoin Bitcoin Core

- [CVE-2025-46597](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-46597/): Integer overflow in n/a (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2025-54604](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54604/): Denial of service in n/a (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2025-54605](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-54605/): Denial of service in n/a (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2019-25220](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-25220/): Denial of service in n/a (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2024-52912](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-52912/): Integer overflow in n/a (high 7.5)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-50428 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-50428 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Bitcoin Bitcoin Core, published on 9 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-50428 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Bitcoin Bitcoin Core. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-50428/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-50428/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-50428
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50428
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-50428

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-50428/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.