# CVE-2023-51104: Denial of service in n/a

> A divide-by-zero error in MuPDF allows attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted PNM images.

- **Severity:** High 7.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 26 Dec 2023
- **Updated:** 23 Apr 2025
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2023-51104, GHSA-h26v-qgm2-w7j4, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-51104

## What is CVE-2023-51104?

CVE-2023-51104 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Artifex Mupdf, published on 26 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A floating point exception (divide-by-zero) vulnerability was discovered in Artifex MuPDF 1.23.4 in function pnm_binary_read_image() of load-pnm.c when span equals zero.

Weakness: CWE-369 (Divide By Zero)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-51104?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Artifex Mupdf.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-51104?

Upgrade to a fixed version.

## Is CVE-2023-51104 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-51104 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Artifex Mupdf

- [CVE-2019-7321](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2019-7321/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2016-6525](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-6525/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2011-0341](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2011-0341/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.3)
- [CVE-2016-8728](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2016-8728/): Memory corruption in MuPDF (high 8.6)
- [CVE-2021-3407](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-3407/): Use after free in mupdf (high 7.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-51104 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-51104 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Artifex Mupdf, published on 26 Dec 2023. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2023-51104 exists.

Affected product: Artifex Mupdf. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51104/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51104/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-51104
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51104
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-51104

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51104/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.