# CVE-2023-52428: Denial of Service in Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT

> An attacker can cause denial of service via resource consumption by sending a large JWE p2c header value to the Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT library.

- **Severity:** High 7.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 11 Feb 2024
- **Updated:** 30 Oct 2024
- **Also known as:** CLEANSTART-2026-CO70761, CLEANSTART-2026-PS45852, CLEANSTART-2026-ZP61425, CLSA-2024-1723507378, CLSA-2024-1733443230, CLSA-2026-1778633125, CLSA-2026-1780966316, ECHO-e311-61b2-06ba, GHSA-gvpg-vgmx-xg6w, MINI-393q-rj29-63jj, MINI-3r3v-5w7w-qvh9, MINI-8p3r-jq4c-v7px, MINI-f3f9-p6fh-39f8, MINI-g98j-rvxq-7mg4, MINI-gjxh-3433-8vx8, MINI-mhqx-w394-7x97, MINI-p64x-mf7f-2vhr, RHLW-2026-0a6fc4430620d7b4, ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2023-52428

## What is CVE-2023-52428?

CVE-2023-52428 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in n/a, published on 11 Feb 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large JWE p2c header value (aka iteration count) for the PasswordBasedDecrypter (PBKDF2) component.

Weakness: CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-52428?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt` | Maven | All versions | 9.37.2 |
| `com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt` | Maven | All versions | 9.37.2 |

Products: Connect2id Nimbus Jose\+jwt.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-52428?

Upgrade com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt to 9.37.2 or later.

## Is CVE-2023-52428 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-52428 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in n/a

- [CVE-2017-12972](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-12972/): Nimbus JOSE+JWT missing overflow check (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2017-12974](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-12974/): Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in Nimbus JOSE+JWT (high 7.5)
- [CVE-2017-12973](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-12973/): Nimbus JOSE+JWT vulnerable to padding oracle attack (low 3.1)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-52428 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-52428 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in n/a, published on 11 Feb 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-52428 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 9.37.2
- com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven): affected all versions; fixed in 9.37.2

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-52428/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-52428/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52428
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52428
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-52428

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-52428/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.