# CVE-2023-53054: usb: dwc2: fix a devres leak in hw_enable upon suspend resume

> A resource leak in the Linux kernel dwc2 USB driver during suspend/resume cycles can exhaust memory, leading to denial of service.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 2 May 2025
- **Updated:** 23 May 2026
- **Also known as:** BELL-CVE-2023-53054, DEBIAN-CVE-2023-53054, GHSA-cqrq-5cq5-j744, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-53054

## What is CVE-2023-53054?

CVE-2023-53054 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 2 May 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: dwc2: fix a devres leak in hw_enable upon suspend resume

Each time the platform goes to low power, PM suspend / resume routines
call: __dwc2_lowlevel_hw_enable -> devm_add_action_or_reset().
This adds a new devres each time.
This may also happen at runtime, as dwc2_lowlevel_hw_enable() can be
called from udc_start().

This can be seen with tracing:
- echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/dev/devres_log/enable
- go to low power
- cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace

A new "ADD" entry is found upon each low power cycle:
... devres_log: 49000000.usb-otg ADD 82a13bba devm_action_release (8 bytes)
... devres_log: 49000000.usb-otg ADD 49889daf devm_action_release (8 bytes)
...

A second issue is addressed here:
- regulator_bulk_enable() is called upon each PM cycle (suspend/resume).
- regulator_bulk_disable() never gets called.

So the reference count for these regulators constantly increase, by one
upon each low power cycle, due to missing regulator_bulk_disable() call
in __dwc2_lowlevel_hw_disable().

The original fix that introduced the devm_add_action_or_reset() call,
fixed an issue during probe, that happens due to other errors in
dwc2_driver_probe() -> dwc2_core_reset(). Then the probe fails without
disabling regulators, when dr_mode == USB_DR_MODE_PERIPHERAL.

Rather fix the error path: disable all the low level hardware in the
error path, by using the "hsotg->ll_hw_enabled" flag. Checking dr_mode
has been introduced to avoid a dual call to dwc2_lowlevel_hw_disable().
"ll_hw_enabled" should achieve the same (and is used currently in the
remove() routine).

Weakness: CWE-401 (Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-53054?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Linux kernel.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-53054?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2023-53054 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-53054 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel

- [CVE-2026-53266](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53266/): Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-6282](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-6282/): Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-0185](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-0185/): Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-2094](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-2094/): Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2026-53362](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53362/): Linux Kernel Unspecified (high 7.8, exploited in the wild)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-53054 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-53054 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 2 May 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-53054 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53054/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53054/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53054
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53054
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-53054

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53054/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.