# CVE-2023-53630: iommufd: Fix unpinning of pages when an access is present

> A flaw in the Linux kernel iommufd subsystem allows unpinning pages incorrectly, leading to memory corruption and potential privilege escalation or system crash.

- **Severity:** High 8.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 7 Oct 2025
- **Updated:** 5 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** BELL-CVE-2023-53630, DEBIAN-CVE-2023-53630, GHSA-xwrx-f4gw-ff4g, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-53630

## What is CVE-2023-53630?

CVE-2023-53630 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 7 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommufd: Fix unpinning of pages when an access is present

syzkaller found that the calculation of batch_last_index should use
'start_index' since at input to this function the batch is either empty or
it has already been adjusted to cross any accesses so it will start at the
point we are unmapping from.

Getting this wrong causes the unmap to run over the end of the pages
which corrupts pages that were never mapped. In most cases this triggers
the num pinned debugging:

  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 557 at drivers/iommu/iommufd/pages.c:294 __iopt_area_unfill_domain+0x152/0x560
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 0 PID: 557 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.3.0-rc2-eeac8ede1755 #1
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
  RIP: 0010:__iopt_area_unfill_domain+0x152/0x560
  Code: d2 0f ff 44 8b 64 24 54 48 8b 44 24 48 31 ff 44 89 e6 48 89 44 24 38 e8 fc d3 0f ff 45 85 e4 0f 85 eb 01 00 00 e8 0e d2 0f ff <0f> 0b e8 07 d2 0f ff 48 8b 44 24 38 89 5c 24 58 89 18 8b 44 24 54
  RSP: 0018:ffffc9000108baf0 EFLAGS: 00010246
  RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000ffffffff RCX: ffffffff821e3f85
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff88800faf0000 RDI: 0000000000000002
  RBP: ffffc9000108bd18 R08: 000000000003ca25 R09: 0000000000000014
  R10: 000000000003ca00 R11: 0000000000000024 R12: 0000000000000004
  R13: 0000000000000801 R14: 00000000000007ff R15: 0000000000000800
  FS:  00007f3499ce1740(0000) GS:ffff88807dc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  CR2: 0000000020000243 CR3: 00000000179c2001 CR4: 0000000000770ef0
  PKRU: 55555554
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   iopt_area_unfill_domain+0x32/0x40
   iopt_table_remove_domain+0x23f/0x4c0
   iommufd_device_selftest_detach+0x3a/0x90
   iommufd_selftest_destroy+0x55/0x70
   iommufd_object_destroy_user+0xce/0x130
   iommufd_destroy+0xa2/0xc0
   iommufd_fops_ioctl+0x206/0x330
   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x10e/0x160
   do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

Also add some useful WARN_ON sanity checks.

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-53630?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Linux kernel.

## How do I fix CVE-2023-53630?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2023-53630 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-53630 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel

- [CVE-2026-53266](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53266/): Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-6282](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-6282/): Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-0185](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-0185/): Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-2094](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-2094/): Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2026-53362](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53362/): Linux Kernel Unspecified (high 7.8, exploited in the wild)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-53630 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-53630 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 7 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-53630 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53630/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53630/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-53630
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53630
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-53630

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-53630/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.