# CVE-2023-54060: iommufd: Set end correctly when doing batch carry

> A null pointer dereference in the Linux kernel iommufd subsystem can cause a system crash during batch carry operations.

- **Severity:** High 8.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 24 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 5 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** BELL-CVE-2023-54060, DEBIAN-CVE-2023-54060, GHSA-j46r-5wf7-7vm6, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-54060

## What is CVE-2023-54060?

CVE-2023-54060 is a high-severity vulnerability in Linux, published on 24 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommufd: Set end correctly when doing batch carry

Even though the test suite covers this it somehow became obscured that
this wasn't working.

The test iommufd_ioas.mock_domain.access_domain_destory would blow up
rarely.

end should be set to 1 because this just pushed an item, the carry, to the
pfns list.

Sometimes the test would blow up with:

  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
  CPU: 5 PID: 584 Comm: iommufd Not tainted 6.5.0-rc1-dirty #1236
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
  RIP: 0010:batch_unpin+0xa2/0x100 [iommufd]
  Code: 17 48 81 fe ff ff 07 00 77 70 48 8b 15 b7 be 97 e2 48 85 d2 74 14 48 8b 14 fa 48 85 d2 74 0b 40 0f b6 f6 48 c1 e6 04 48 01 f2 <48> 8b 3a 48 c1 e0 06 89 ca 48 89 de 48 83 e7 f0 48 01 c7 e8 96 dc
  RSP: 0018:ffffc90001677a58 EFLAGS: 00010246
  RAX: 00007f7e2646f000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000001
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000fefc4c8d RDI: 0000000000fefc4c
  RBP: ffffc90001677a80 R08: 0000000000000048 R09: 0000000000000200
  R10: 0000000000030b98 R11: ffffffff81f3bb40 R12: 0000000000000001
  R13: ffff888101f75800 R14: ffffc90001677ad0 R15: 00000000000001fe
  FS:  00007f9323679740(0000) GS:ffff8881ba540000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
  CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 0000000105ede003 CR4: 00000000003706a0
  DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
  DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   ? show_regs+0x5c/0x70
   ? __die+0x1f/0x60
   ? page_fault_oops+0x15d/0x440
   ? lock_release+0xbc/0x240
   ? exc_page_fault+0x4a4/0x970
   ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x27/0x30
   ? batch_unpin+0xa2/0x100 [iommufd]
   ? batch_unpin+0xba/0x100 [iommufd]
   __iopt_area_unfill_domain+0x198/0x430 [iommufd]
   ? __mutex_lock+0x8c/0xb80
   ? __mutex_lock+0x6aa/0xb80
   ? xa_erase+0x28/0x30
   ? iopt_table_remove_domain+0x162/0x320 [iommufd]
   ? lock_release+0xbc/0x240
   iopt_area_unfill_domain+0xd/0x10 [iommufd]
   iopt_table_remove_domain+0x195/0x320 [iommufd]
   iommufd_hw_pagetable_destroy+0xb3/0x110 [iommufd]
   iommufd_object_destroy_user+0x8e/0xf0 [iommufd]
   iommufd_device_detach+0xc5/0x140 [iommufd]
   iommufd_selftest_destroy+0x1f/0x70 [iommufd]
   iommufd_object_destroy_user+0x8e/0xf0 [iommufd]
   iommufd_destroy+0x3a/0x50 [iommufd]
   iommufd_fops_ioctl+0xfb/0x170 [iommufd]
   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x40d/0x9a0
   do_syscall_64+0x3c/0x80
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-54060?


## How do I fix CVE-2023-54060?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2023-54060 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54060 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-54060 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-54060 is a high-severity vulnerability in Linux, published on 24 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54060 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54060/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54060/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54060
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54060
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-54060

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54060/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.