# CVE-2023-54068: f2fs: compress: fix to call f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback() in f2fs_write_raw_pages()

> A race condition in the Linux kernel's f2fs filesystem can trigger a kernel BUG during concurrent file writes, causing a system crash.

- **Severity:** High 7.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 24 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 5 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** BELL-CVE-2023-54068, DEBIAN-CVE-2023-54068, GHSA-jvpv-rvr9-2264, UBUNTU-CVE-2023-54068

## What is CVE-2023-54068?

CVE-2023-54068 is a high-severity vulnerability in Linux, published on 24 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: compress: fix to call f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback() in f2fs_write_raw_pages()

BUG_ON() will be triggered when writing files concurrently,
because the same page is writtenback multiple times.

1597 void folio_end_writeback(struct folio *folio)
1598 {
		......
1618     if (!__folio_end_writeback(folio))
1619         BUG();
		......
1625 }

kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1619!
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 f2fs_write_end_io+0x1a0/0x370
 blk_update_request+0x6c/0x410
 blk_mq_end_request+0x15/0x130
 blk_complete_reqs+0x3c/0x50
 __do_softirq+0xb8/0x29b
 ? sort_range+0x20/0x20
 run_ksoftirqd+0x19/0x20
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x10b/0x1d0
 kthread+0xde/0x110
 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
 ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
 </TASK>

Below is the concurrency scenario:

[Process A]		[Process B]		[Process C]
f2fs_write_raw_pages()
  - redirty_page_for_writepage()
  - unlock page()
			f2fs_do_write_data_page()
			  - lock_page()
			  - clear_page_dirty_for_io()
			  - set_page_writeback() [1st writeback]
			    .....
			    - unlock page()

						generic_perform_write()
						  - f2fs_write_begin()
						    - wait_for_stable_page()

						  - f2fs_write_end()
						    - set_page_dirty()

  - lock_page()
    - f2fs_do_write_data_page()
      - set_page_writeback() [2st writeback]

This problem was introduced by the previous commit 7377e853967b ("f2fs:
compress: fix potential deadlock of compress file"). All pagelocks were
released in f2fs_write_raw_pages(), but whether the page was
in the writeback state was ignored in the subsequent writing process.
Let's fix it by waiting for the page to writeback before writing.

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-54068?


## How do I fix CVE-2023-54068?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2023-54068 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54068 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-54068 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-54068 is a high-severity vulnerability in Linux, published on 24 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54068 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54068/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54068/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54068
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54068
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-54068

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54068/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.