# CVE-2023-54404: Zod can exhaust memory while validating oversized constrained collections

> Attackers can cause denial of service by submitting large arrays to Zod schemas lacking length constraints, exhausting memory resources.

- **Severity:** Not scored
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 1 Oct 2026
- **Updated:** 28 Oct 2026
- **Also known as:** CLSA-2026-1793221263, CLSA-2026-1793221310, CLSA-2026-1793241442, CLSA-2026-1793241599, CLSA-2026-1793241749, GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5, MINI-6qrq-mmch-6822, MINI-f9vj-rfm2-v4rj, ROOT-APP-NPM-CVE-2023-54404

## What is CVE-2023-54404?

CVE-2023-54404 is a denial of service vulnerability in zod, published on 1 Oct 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. The described memory use only grows in proportion to input already allocated by JSON.parse before Zod runs, is reachable only without an application request-size limit, and reflects expected validator behavior rather than a defect in Zod.

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2023-54404?

2 open source packages ship an affected version, including zod.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `zod` | npm | All versions | 4.6.6 |
| `zod` | npm | All versions | 4.6.6 |

## How do I fix CVE-2023-54404?

Upgrade zod to 4.6.6 or later.

## Is CVE-2023-54404 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54404 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2023-54404 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2023-54404 is a denial of service vulnerability in zod, published on 1 Oct 2026. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2023-54404 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- zod (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 4.6.6
- zod (npm): affected all versions; fixed in 4.6.6

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54404/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54404/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54404
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54404
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2023-54404

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-54404/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.