CVE-2024-27415 netfilter: bridge: confirm multicast packets before passing them up the stack
A race condition in the Linux kernel bridge netfilter allows attackers to cause a denial of service via multicast packet handling.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Local or same network only
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- Available
What is CVE-2024-27415?
CVE-2024-27415 is a high-severity vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 17 May 2024. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: bridge: confirm multicast packets before passing them up the stack
conntrack nf_confirm logic cannot handle cloned skbs referencing the same nf_conn entry, which will happen for multicast (broadcast) frames on bridges.
Example: macvlan0 | br0 / \ ethX ethY
ethX (or Y) receives a L2 multicast or broadcast packet containing an IP packet, flow is not yet in conntrack table.
1. skb passes through bridge and fake-ip (br_netfilter)Prerouting. -> skb->_nfct now references a unconfirmed entry 2. skb is broad/mcast packet. bridge now passes clones out on each bridge interface. 3. skb gets passed up the stack. 4. In macvlan case, macvlan driver retains clone(s) of the mcast skb and schedules a work queue to send them out on the lower devices.
The clone skb->_nfct is not a copy, it is the same entry as the original skb. The macvlan rx handler then returns RX_HANDLER_PASS. 5. Normal conntrack hooks (in NF_INET_LOCAL_IN) confirm the orig skb.
The Macvlan broadcast worker and normal confirm path will race.
This race will not happen if step 2 already confirmed a clone. In that case later steps perform skb_clone() with skb->_nfct already confirmed (in hash table). This works fine.
But such confirmation won't happen when eb/ip/nftables rules dropped the packets before they reached the nf_confirm step in postrouting.
Pablo points out that nf_conntrack_bridge doesn't allow use of stateful nat, so we can safely discard the nf_conn entry and let inet call conntrack again.
This doesn't work for bridge netfilter: skb could have a nat transformation. Also bridge nf prevents re-invocation of inet prerouting via 'sabotage_in' hook.
Work around this problem by explicit confirmation of the entry at LOCAL_IN time, before upper layer has a chance to clone the unconfirmed entry.
The downside is that this disables NAT and conntrack helpers.
Alternative fix would be to add locking to all code parts that deal with unconfirmed packets, but even if that could be done in a sane way this opens up other problems, for example:
-m physdev --physdev-out eth0 -j SNAT --snat-to 1.2.3.4 -m physdev --physdev-out eth1 -j SNAT --snat-to 1.2.3.5
For multicast case, only one of such conflicting mappings will be created, conntrack only handles 1:1 NAT mappings.
Users should set create a setup that explicitly marks such traffic NOTRACK (conntrack bypass) to avoid this, but we cannot auto-bypass them, ruleset might have accept rules for untracked traffic already, so user-visible behaviour would change.
Weakness: CWE-362
Which versions are affected by CVE-2024-27415?
It affects 1 product.
Products include Linux kernel.
How do I fix CVE-2024-27415?
Apply the vendor's patch.
Is CVE-2024-27415 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2024-27415 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel
Sources
Also known as BELL-CVE-2024-27415, DEBIAN-CVE-2024-27415, GHSA-934r-h8mp-qw4r, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-11-CVE-2024-27415, UBUNTU-CVE-2024-27415.