# CVE-2024-31225: Lack of size check and buffer overflow in RIOT

> Attackers can trigger a buffer overflow in RIOT OS via unchecked input, potentially leading to code execution or denial of service.

- **Severity:** High 8.4 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 1 May 2024
- **Updated:** 13 Feb 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-2572-7q7c-3965

## What is CVE-2024-31225?

CVE-2024-31225 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in RIOT-OS RIOT, published on 1 May 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

RIOT is a real-time multi-threading operating system that supports a range of devices that are typically 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers. The `_on_rd_init()` function does not implement a size check before copying data to the `_result_buf` static buffer. If an attacker can craft a long enough payload, they could cause a buffer overflow. If the unchecked input above is attacker-controlled and crosses a security boundary, the impact of the buffer overflow vulnerability could range from denial of service to arbitrary code execution. This issue has yet to be patched. Users are advised to add manual bounds checking.

Weakness: CWE-120 (Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2024-31225?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Riot-Os Riot.

## How do I fix CVE-2024-31225?

No fix has been published for CVE-2024-31225 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2024-31225 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2024-31225 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in RIOT-OS RIOT

- [CVE-2024-32017](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-32017/): Buffer overflows in RIOT (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-33975](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-33975/): RIOT-OS vulnerable to Out of Bounds Write in _rbuf_add (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-24819](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-24819/): RIOT-OS vulnerable to Buffer Overflow during IPHC receive (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-24823](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-24823/): RIOT-OS vulnerable to Packet Type Confusion during IPHC send (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2021-27357](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-27357/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2024-31225 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2024-31225 is a high-severity memory corruption vulnerability in RIOT-OS RIOT, published on 1 May 2024. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2024-31225 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: RIOT-OS RIOT. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-31225/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-31225/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-31225
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31225
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2024-31225

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-31225/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.