# CVE-2025-0453: Denial of Service through Batched Queries in GraphQL in mlflow/mlflow

> An attacker can cause denial of service in MLflow by sending large batches of GraphQL queries, exhausting server workers.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.9 (`CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 20 Mar 2025
- **Updated:** 15 Oct 2025
- **Also known as:** BIT-mlflow-2025-0453, GHSA-49m6-vrr9-2cqm, PYSEC-2026-1637

## What is CVE-2025-0453?

CVE-2025-0453 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Lfprojects Mlflow, published on 20 Mar 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In mlflow/mlflow version 2.17.2, the `/graphql` endpoint is vulnerable to a denial of service attack. An attacker can create large batches of queries that repeatedly request all runs from a given experiment. This can tie up all the workers allocated by MLFlow, rendering the application unable to respond to other requests. This vulnerability is due to uncontrolled resource consumption.

Weakness: CWE-410 (Insufficient Resource Pool)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-0453?

4 open source packages ship an affected version, including mlflow. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `mlflow` | Bitnami | From 2.17.2 | 2.18.0 |
| `mlflow` | PyPI | All versions to 2.17.2 | None |
| `mlflow` | PyPI | All versions to 2.17.2 | None |
| `mlflow` | PyPI | All versions to 2.17.2 | None |

Products: Lfprojects Mlflow.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-0453?

Upgrade mlflow to 2.18.0 or later.

## Is CVE-2025-0453 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-0453 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Lfprojects Mlflow

- [CVE-2026-64849](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-64849/): MLflow Server-Side Request Forgery (critical 9.3, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2025-15379](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-15379/): Command Injection in mlflow/mlflow (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2024-0520](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-0520/): Remote Code Execution due to Full Controlled File Write in mlflow/mlflow (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2023-6977](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-6977/): Path Traversal: '\..\filename' (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2023-6709](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-6709/): Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in mlflow/mlflow (critical 10.0)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-0453 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-0453 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Lfprojects Mlflow, published on 20 Mar 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-0453 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- mlflow (Bitnami): affected from 2.17.2; fixed in 2.18.0
- mlflow (PyPI): affected all versions up to 2.17.2; no fix listed
- mlflow (PyPI): affected all versions up to 2.17.2; no fix listed
- mlflow (PyPI): affected all versions up to 2.17.2; no fix listed

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-0453/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-0453/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0453
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0453
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-0453

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-0453/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.