# CVE-2025-10230: Samba: command injection in wins server hook script

> Unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary commands on Samba Active Directory Domain Controllers via unsanitized NetBIOS names in WINS registration packets.

- **Severity:** Critical 10.0 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 7 Nov 2025
- **Updated:** 31 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** ALPINE-CVE-2025-10230, AZL-69782, AZL-69830, CLSA-2026-1773050498, CLSA-2026-1773073974, CLSA-2026-1773667921, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-10230, ECHO-5437-9508-127b, GHSA-88qg-f543-x242, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-10230

## What is CVE-2025-10230?

CVE-2025-10230 is a critical command injection vulnerability in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 7 Nov 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.

Weakness: CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-10230?


## How do I fix CVE-2025-10230?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-10230 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-10230 exists.

Public exploit code:

- PoC for CVE-2025-10230 - Samba WINS hook command injection (github_poc): https://github.com/dptsec/CVE-2025-10230
- CVE-2025-10230 PoC - Samba WINS Hook Command Injection  (github_poc): https://github.com/nehkark/CVE-2025-10230
- OS command injection vulnerability in Samba that received the maximum possible CVSS v3.1 score of 10.0 (github_poc): https://github.com/marcostolosa/CVE-2025-10230

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-10230 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-10230 is a critical command injection vulnerability in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 7 Nov 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-10230 exists.

Affected product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10230/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10230/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10230
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10230
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-10230

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10230/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.