# CVE-2025-10959: Wavlink NU516U1 firewall.cgi sub_401778 command injection

> Remote attackers can execute arbitrary commands via the firewall.cgi script in Wavlink NU516U1 routers due to improper input validation.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.3 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 25 Sep 2025
- **Updated:** 25 Sep 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-5rc4-jf69-p5ff

## What is CVE-2025-10959?

CVE-2025-10959 is a medium-severity command injection vulnerability in Wavlink NU516U1, published on 25 Sep 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A vulnerability has been found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. The affected element is the function sub_401778 of the file /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument dmz_flag leads to command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Weakness: CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command), CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-10959?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Wavlink Wl-Nu516u1 Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-10959?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-10959 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-10959 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-10959 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Wavlink NU516U1

- [CVE-2026-3703](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-3703/): Wavlink NU516U1 login.cgi sub_401A10 out-of-bounds write (critical 9.3)
- [CVE-2026-4861](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-4861/): Wavlink WL-NU516U1 nas.cgi ftext stack-based overflow (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2026-3612](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-3612/): Wavlink WL-NU516U1 OTA Online Upgrade adm.cgi sub_405AF4 command injection (high 8.6)
- [CVE-2026-3613](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-3613/): Wavlink WL-NU516U1 login.cgi sub_401A0C stack-based overflow (high 8.6)
- [CVE-2026-2615](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-2615/): Wavlink WL-NU516U1 firewall.cgi singlePortForwardDelete command injection (high 8.6)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-10959 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-10959 is a medium-severity command injection vulnerability in Wavlink NU516U1, published on 25 Sep 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-10959 exists.

Affected product: Wavlink NU516U1. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10959/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10959/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10959
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10959
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-10959

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-10959/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.