# CVE-2025-1125: Grub2: fs/hfs: integer overflow may lead to heap based out-of-bounds write

> An integer overflow in GRUB2's HFS module allows heap-based out-of-bounds writes, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution and Secure Boot bypass.

- **Severity:** High 7.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 3 Mar 2025
- **Updated:** 21 Oct 2026
- **Also known as:** AZL-57513, AZL-57632, BELL-CVE-2025-1125, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-1125, GHSA-jqm6-8ggx-r3ww, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-1125

## What is CVE-2025-1125?

CVE-2025-1125 is a high-severity vulnerability in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 3 Mar 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

When reading data from a hfs filesystem, grub's hfs filesystem module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem metadata to calculate the internal buffers size, however it misses to properly check for integer overflows. A maliciouly crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculation to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function will write past of the internal buffer length. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.

Weakness: CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-1125?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Gnu Grub2.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-1125?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-1125 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-1125 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

- [CVE-2024-56737](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-56737/): Memory corruption in GRUB2 (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2022-28733](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-28733/): Integer underflow in grub_net_recv_ip4_packets (high 8.1)
- [CVE-2022-28734](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-28734/): Out-of-bounds write when handling split HTTP headers (high 8.1)
- [CVE-2025-61662](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-61662/): Grub2: missing unregister call for gettext command may lead to use-after-free (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2024-45782](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-45782/): Grub2: fs/hfs: strcpy() using the volume name (fs/hfs.c:382) (high 7.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-1125 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-1125 is a high-severity vulnerability in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, published on 3 Mar 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-1125 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1125/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1125/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1125
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1125
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-1125

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1125/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.