# CVE-2025-11412: GNU Binutils Linker elflink.c bfd_elf_gc_record_vtentry out-of-bounds

> A local attacker can trigger an out-of-bounds read in the GNU Binutils linker, potentially causing a crash or leaking memory contents.

- **Severity:** Medium 4.8 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 7 Oct 2025
- **Updated:** 15 Oct 2026
- **Also known as:** AZL-68376, AZL-68394, AZL-68403, BELL-CVE-2025-11412, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-11412, ECHO-f627-7da2-5cea, GHSA-fw6m-h9wv-4759, MINI-443x-h35q-gm9w, OESA-2025-2859, OESA-2025-2860, OESA-2025-2861, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2025-11412, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-11412

## What is CVE-2025-11412?

CVE-2025-11412 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in Gnu Binutils, published on 7 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A vulnerability has been found in GNU Binutils 2.45. This impacts the function bfd_elf_gc_record_vtentry of the file bfd/elflink.c of the component Linker. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is 047435dd988a3975d40c6626a8f739a0b2e154bc. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.

Weakness: CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read), CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-11412?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Gnu Binutils.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-11412?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-11412 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-11412 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in Gnu Binutils

- [CVE-2017-7614](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-7614/): Null dereference in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2014-9939](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2014-9939/): Memory corruption in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2017-7226](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-7226/): Information disclosure in n/a (critical 9.1)
- [CVE-2017-6969](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2017-6969/): Information disclosure in n/a (critical 9.1)
- [CVE-2020-19726](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2020-19726/): Denial of service in n/a (high 8.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-11412 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-11412 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in Gnu Binutils, published on 7 Oct 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-11412 exists.

Affected product: Gnu Binutils. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11412/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11412/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11412
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11412
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-11412

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11412/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.