# CVE-2025-11778: Stack-based buffer overflow vulnreability in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50

> Remote attackers can exploit a stack-based buffer overflow in Circutor PLCs via TACACSPLUS to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service.

- **Severity:** Critical 10.0 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 2 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 2 Dec 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-85hg-ff73-jfw9

## What is CVE-2025-11778?

CVE-2025-11778 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in SGE-PLC1000 SGE-PLC50 Circutor, published on 2 Dec 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Stack-based buffer overflow in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 v0.9.2. This vulnerability allows an attacker to remotely exploit memory corruption through the 'read_packet()' function of the TACACSPLUS implementation.

Weakness: CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-11778?

It affects 2 products.


Products: Circutor Sge-Plc1000 Firmware, Circutor Sge-Plc50 Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-11778?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-11778 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-11778 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-11778 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in SGE-PLC1000 SGE-PLC50 Circutor

- [CVE-2021-33841](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-33841/): Circutor SGE-PLC1000 OS command Injection (critical 10.0)
- [CVE-2025-11779](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11779/): Stack-based buffer overflow vulnreability in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 (critical 9.4)
- [CVE-2021-33842](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-33842/): Circutor SGE-PLC1000 improper authentication (high 8.8)
- [CVE-2025-11780](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11780/): Stack-based buffer overflow vulnreability in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 (high 8.7)
- [CVE-2025-11781](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11781/): Use of hardcoded cryptographic keys in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 (high 8.6)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-11778 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-11778 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability in SGE-PLC1000 SGE-PLC50 Circutor, published on 2 Dec 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-11778 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: SGE-PLC1000 SGE-PLC50 Circutor. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11778/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11778/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11778
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11778
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-11778

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-11778/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.