# CVE-2025-12943: Improper certificate validation in firmware update logic in NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300

> Attackers intercepting traffic can bypass certificate validation to execute arbitrary commands on NETGEAR RAX30 and RAXE300 routers.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.2 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 11 Nov 2025
- **Updated:** 26 Feb 2026
- **Also known as:** GHSA-gvh9-7g44-g9mq

## What is CVE-2025-12943?

CVE-2025-12943 is a medium-severity vulnerability in NETGEAR RAX30, published on 11 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

Improper certificate
validation in firmware update logic in NETGEAR RAX30 (Nighthawk AX5 5-Stream
AX2400 WiFi 6 Router) and RAXE300 (Nighthawk AXE7800 Tri-Band
WiFi 6E Router) allows attackers with the ability to intercept and
tamper traffic destined to the device to execute arbitrary commands on the
device.

Devices
with automatic updates enabled may already have this patch applied. If not,
please check the firmware version and update to the
latest.

Fixed in:

RAX30 firmware
1.0.14.108 or later.

RAXE300 firmware
1.0.9.82 or later

Weakness: CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-12943?

It affects 2 products.


Products: Netgear Rax30 Firmware, Netgear Raxe300 Firmware.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-12943?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-12943 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-12943 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-12943 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in NETGEAR RAX30

- [CVE-2025-44658](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-44658/): File upload in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-1327](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-1327/): Auth bypass in Netgear RAX30 (AX2400) (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-27852](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-27852/): Memory corruption in NETGEAR Nighthawk WiFi6 Router (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-27853](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-27853/): Other in NETGEAR Nighthawk WiFi6 Router (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2023-51635](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-51635/): NETGEAR RAX30 fing_dil Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (high 8.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-12943 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-12943 is a medium-severity vulnerability in NETGEAR RAX30, published on 11 Nov 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-12943 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: NETGEAR RAX30. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-12943/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-12943/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12943
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12943
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-12943

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-12943/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.