# CVE-2025-14933: NSF Unidata NetCDF-C NC Variable Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

> Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code by tricking users into opening malicious NetCDF files due to an integer overflow in variable parsing.

- **Severity:** High 7.8 (`CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 23 Dec 2025
- **Updated:** 26 Dec 2025
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2025-14933, ECHO-0d8b-2f28-3bfb, GHSA-cg32-6v27-jr43, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-14933

## What is CVE-2025-14933?

CVE-2025-14933 is a high-severity vulnerability in NSF Unidata NetCDF-C, published on 23 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

NSF Unidata NetCDF-C NC Variable Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NSF Unidata NetCDF-C. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of NC variables. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before allocating a buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-27266.

Weakness: CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-14933?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Unidata Netcdf.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-14933?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-14933 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-14933 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in NSF Unidata NetCDF-C

- [CVE-2025-14932](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14932/): NSF Unidata NetCDF-C Time Unit Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2025-14934](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14934/): NSF Unidata NetCDF-C Variable Name Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2025-14935](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14935/): NSF Unidata NetCDF-C Dimension Name Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2025-14936](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14936/): NSF Unidata NetCDF-C Attribute Name Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (high 7.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-14933 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-14933 is a high-severity vulnerability in NSF Unidata NetCDF-C, published on 23 Dec 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-14933 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: NSF Unidata NetCDF-C. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14933/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14933/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14933
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14933
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-14933

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-14933/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.