# CVE-2025-1788: rizinorg rizin utf8.c rz_utf8_encode heap-based overflow

> A heap-based buffer overflow in the rz_utf8_encode function allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service.

- **Severity:** Medium 4.8 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 1 Mar 2025
- **Updated:** 3 Mar 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-ppmj-p8ww-6rv3

## What is CVE-2025-1788?

CVE-2025-1788 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in rizinorg rizin, published on 1 Mar 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in rizinorg rizin up to 0.8.0. This affects the function rz_utf8_encode in the library /librz/util/utf8.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Weakness: CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow), CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-1788?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Rizin Rizin.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-1788?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-1788 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-1788 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-1788 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in rizinorg rizin

- [CVE-2024-31668](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2024-31668/): rizin before v0.6.3 is vulnerable to Improper Neutralization of Special Elements via meta_set function in librz/analysis/meta. (critical 9.1)
- [CVE-2023-40022](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-40022/): Rizin vulnerable to Integer Overflow in C++ demangler logic (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2021-3674](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2021-3674/): Memory corruption in rizin (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2023-27590](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-27590/): Rizin has stack-based buffer overflow when parsing GDB registers profile files (high 7.8)
- [CVE-2022-36039](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-36039/): Out-of-bounds write when parsing DEX files in Rizin (high 7.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-1788 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-1788 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in rizinorg rizin, published on 1 Mar 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-1788 exists.

Affected product: rizinorg rizin. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1788/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1788/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1788
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1788
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-1788

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-1788/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.