CVE-2025-21540 Missing authorization in MySQL Server

Medium 5.4 Published 21 Jan 2025 Updated 3 Nov 2025

Low-privileged attackers can bypass authorization checks to read and modify unauthorized data in MySQL Server.

Exploited in the wild: Not known
Login needed: Any signed-in user
Attackable: Over the internet
Victim action needed: Not needed
Fix: Available

What is CVE-2025-21540?

CVE-2025-21540 is a medium-severity missing authorization vulnerability in Oracle Mysql Server, published on 21 Jan 2025. Any signed-in user can exploit it over the network, with no action from the victim.

Official description

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Security: Privileges). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

Weakness: CWE-863

Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-21540?

It affects 1 product.

Products include Oracle Mysql Server.

How do I fix CVE-2025-21540?

Apply the vendor's patch.

Upgrade, and check permissions on every request on the server, not only in the interface. More about Missing authorization.

Is CVE-2025-21540 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-21540 in the wild and no public exploit code.

All Oracle Mysql Server vulnerabilities

Sources

Also known as GHSA-gpx9-7g7w-37gv, MINI-5p88-rjgf-8hp9, MINI-wx94-cv6q-pp6g, MINI-xffr-48qq-7vm7, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21540.