# CVE-2025-21949: LoongArch: Set hugetlb mmap base address aligned with pmd size

> A local attacker can trigger a kernel bug in the LoongArch hugetlb memory management, causing a system crash and denial of service.

- **Severity:** High 7.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 1 Apr 2025
- **Updated:** 5 Aug 2026
- **Also known as:** AZL-59932, BELL-CVE-2025-21949, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21949, GHSA-qhr5-5m4q-73p8, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2025-21949, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2025-21949, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2204-CVE-2025-21949, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2404-CVE-2025-21949, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21949

## What is CVE-2025-21949?

CVE-2025-21949 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 1 Apr 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

LoongArch: Set hugetlb mmap base address aligned with pmd size

With ltp test case "testcases/bin/hugefork02", there is a dmesg error
report message such as:

 kernel BUG at mm/hugetlb.c:5550!
 Oops - BUG[#1]:
 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1517 Comm: hugefork02 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc2+ #241
 Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022
 pc 90000000004eaf1c ra 9000000000485538 tp 900000010edbc000 sp 900000010edbf940
 a0 900000010edbfb00 a1 9000000108d20280 a2 00007fffe9474000 a3 00007ffff3474000
 a4 0000000000000000 a5 0000000000000003 a6 00000000003cadd3 a7 0000000000000000
 t0 0000000001ffffff t1 0000000001474000 t2 900000010ecd7900 t3 00007fffe9474000
 t4 00007fffe9474000 t5 0000000000000040 t6 900000010edbfb00 t7 0000000000000001
 t8 0000000000000005 u0 90000000004849d0 s9 900000010edbfa00 s0 9000000108d20280
 s1 00007fffe9474000 s2 0000000002000000 s3 9000000108d20280 s4 9000000002b38b10
 s5 900000010edbfb00 s6 00007ffff3474000 s7 0000000000000406 s8 900000010edbfa08
    ra: 9000000000485538 unmap_vmas+0x130/0x218
   ERA: 90000000004eaf1c __unmap_hugepage_range+0x6f4/0x7d0
  PRMD: 00000004 (PPLV0 +PIE -PWE)
  EUEN: 00000007 (+FPE +SXE +ASXE -BTE)
  ECFG: 00071c1d (LIE=0,2-4,10-12 VS=7)
 ESTAT: 000c0000 [BRK] (IS= ECode=12 EsubCode=0)
 PRID: 0014c010 (Loongson-64bit, Loongson-3A5000)
 Process hugefork02 (pid: 1517, threadinfo=00000000a670eaf4, task=000000007a95fc64)
 Call Trace:
 [<90000000004eaf1c>] __unmap_hugepage_range+0x6f4/0x7d0
 [<9000000000485534>] unmap_vmas+0x12c/0x218
 [<9000000000494068>] exit_mmap+0xe0/0x308
 [<900000000025fdc4>] mmput+0x74/0x180
 [<900000000026a284>] do_exit+0x294/0x898
 [<900000000026aa30>] do_group_exit+0x30/0x98
 [<900000000027bed4>] get_signal+0x83c/0x868
 [<90000000002457b4>] arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x54/0xfa0
 [<90000000015795e8>] irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xb8/0x138
 [<90000000002572d0>] tlb_do_page_fault_1+0x114/0x1b4

The problem is that base address allocated from hugetlbfs is not aligned
with pmd size. Here add a checking for hugetlbfs and align base address
with pmd size. After this patch the test case "testcases/bin/hugefork02"
passes to run.

This is similar to the commit 7f24cbc9c4d42db8a3c8484d1 ("mm/mmap: teach
generic_get_unmapped_area{_topdown} to handle hugetlb mappings").

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-21949?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Linux kernel.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-21949?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-21949 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-21949 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel

- [CVE-2026-53266](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53266/): Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-6282](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-6282/): Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-0185](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-0185/): Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-2094](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-2094/): Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2026-53362](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53362/): Linux Kernel Unspecified (high 7.8, exploited in the wild)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-21949 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-21949 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 1 Apr 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-21949 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-21949/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-21949/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21949
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21949
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21949

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-21949/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.