CVE-2025-22077 Revert "smb: client: fix TCP timers deadlock after rmmod"
A regression in the Linux kernel SMB client causes TCP socket leaks, leading to resource exhaustion and denial of service.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Over the internet
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- Available
What is CVE-2025-22077?
CVE-2025-22077 is a critical denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 16 Apr 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Revert "smb: client: fix TCP timers deadlock after rmmod"
This reverts commit e9f2517a3e18a54a3943c098d2226b245d488801.
Commit e9f2517a3e18 ("smb: client: fix TCP timers deadlock after rmmod") is intended to fix a null-ptr-deref in LOCKDEP, which is mentioned as CVE-2024-54680, but is actually did not fix anything; The issue can be reproduced on top of it. [0]
Also, it reverted the change by commit ef7134c7fc48 ("smb: client: Fix use-after-free of network namespace.") and introduced a real issue by reviving the kernel TCP socket.
When a reconnect happens for a CIFS connection, the socket state transitions to FIN_WAIT_1. Then, inet_csk_clear_xmit_timers_sync() in tcp_close() stops all timers for the socket.
If an incoming FIN packet is lost, the socket will stay at FIN_WAIT_1 forever, and such sockets could be leaked up to net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans.
Usually, FIN can be retransmitted by the peer, but if the peer aborts the connection, the issue comes into reality.
I warned about this privately by pointing out the exact report [1], but the bogus fix was finally merged.
So, we should not stop the timers to finally kill the connection on our side in that case, meaning we must not use a kernel socket for TCP whose sk->sk_net_refcnt is 0.
The kernel socket does not have a reference to its netns to make it possible to tear down netns without cleaning up every resource in it.
For example, tunnel devices use a UDP socket internally, but we can destroy netns without removing such devices and let it complete during exit. Otherwise, netns would be leaked when the last application died.
However, this is problematic for TCP sockets because TCP has timers to close the connection gracefully even after the socket is close()d. The lifetime of the socket and its netns is different from the lifetime of the underlying connection.
If the socket user does not maintain the netns lifetime, the timer could be fired after the socket is close()d and its netns is freed up, resulting in use-after-free.
Actually, we have seen so many similar issues and converted such sockets to have a reference to netns.
That's why I converted the CIFS client socket to have a reference to netns (sk->sk_net_refcnt == 1), which is somehow mentioned as out-of-scope of CIFS and technically wrong in e9f2517a3e18, but **is in-scope and right fix**.
Regarding the LOCKDEP issue, we can prevent the module unload by bumping the module refcount when switching the LOCKDDEP key in sock_lock_init_class_and_name(). [2]
For a while, let's revert the bogus fix.
Note that now we can use sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() for the socket conversion, but I'll do so later separately to make backport easy.
Weakness: CWE-667
Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-22077?
It affects 1 product.
Products include Linux kernel.
How do I fix CVE-2025-22077?
Apply the vendor's patch.
Upgrade, then put limits on request size, rate and nesting depth so one client cannot exhaust the service. More about Denial of service.
Is CVE-2025-22077 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-22077 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel
Sources
Also known as BELL-CVE-2025-22077, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-22077, GHSA-xjrj-hm29-qrjc, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2404-CVE-2025-22077, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-22077.