# CVE-2025-23130: f2fs: fix to avoid panic once fallocation fails for pinfile

> A local attacker can trigger a kernel panic in the f2fs filesystem by causing concurrent pinfile allocations to exhaust free sections, resulting in a denial of service.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.5 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Any signed-in user
- **Attackable:** Local or same network only
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** Yes
- **Published:** 16 Apr 2025
- **Updated:** 11 May 2026
- **Also known as:** BELL-CVE-2025-23130, DEBIAN-CVE-2025-23130, GHSA-qj48-g5ch-7g59, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-11-CVE-2025-23130, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-12-CVE-2025-23130, ROOT-OS-DEBIAN-13-CVE-2025-23130, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2204-CVE-2025-23130, ROOT-OS-UBUNTU-2404-CVE-2025-23130, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-23130

## What is CVE-2025-23130?

CVE-2025-23130 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 16 Apr 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix to avoid panic once fallocation fails for pinfile

syzbot reports a f2fs bug as below:

------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/f2fs/segment.c:2746!
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5323 Comm: syz.0.0 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc2-syzkaller-00018-g7cb1b4663150 #0
RIP: 0010:get_new_segment fs/f2fs/segment.c:2746 [inline]
RIP: 0010:new_curseg+0x1f52/0x1f70 fs/f2fs/segment.c:2876
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __allocate_new_segment+0x1ce/0x940 fs/f2fs/segment.c:3210
 f2fs_allocate_new_section fs/f2fs/segment.c:3224 [inline]
 f2fs_allocate_pinning_section+0xfa/0x4e0 fs/f2fs/segment.c:3238
 f2fs_expand_inode_data+0x696/0xca0 fs/f2fs/file.c:1830
 f2fs_fallocate+0x537/0xa10 fs/f2fs/file.c:1940
 vfs_fallocate+0x569/0x6e0 fs/open.c:327
 do_vfs_ioctl+0x258c/0x2e40 fs/ioctl.c:885
 __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:904 [inline]
 __se_sys_ioctl+0x80/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:892
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

Concurrent pinfile allocation may run out of free section, result in
panic in get_new_segment(), let's expand pin_sem lock coverage to
include f2fs_gc(), so that we can make sure to reclaim enough free
space for following allocation.

In addition, do below changes to enhance error path handling:
- call f2fs_bug_on() only in non-pinfile allocation path in
get_new_segment().
- call reset_curseg_fields() to reset all fields of curseg in
new_curseg()

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-23130?

It affects 1 product.


Products: Linux kernel.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-23130?

Apply the vendor's patch.

## Is CVE-2025-23130 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-23130 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Other vulnerabilities in Linux kernel

- [CVE-2026-53266](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53266/): Linux Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-6282](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-6282/): Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation (high 8.8, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2022-0185](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-0185/): Linux Kernel Heap-Based Buffer Overflow (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2013-2094](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2013-2094/): Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation (high 8.4, exploited in the wild)
- [CVE-2026-53362](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-53362/): Linux Kernel Unspecified (high 7.8, exploited in the wild)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-23130 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-23130 is a medium-severity denial of service vulnerability in Linux kernel, published on 16 Apr 2025. It can only be exploited from the same machine or local network, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-23130 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: Linux kernel. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-23130/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-23130/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-23130
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23130
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-23130

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-23130/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.