# CVE-2025-2368: WebAssembly wabt Malformed File binary-reader-interp.cc OnExport heap-based overflow

> A heap-based buffer overflow in wabt allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service via a malformed WebAssembly file.

- **Severity:** Medium 5.3 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** A user has to click or open something
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 17 Mar 2025
- **Updated:** 17 Mar 2025
- **Also known as:** DEBIAN-CVE-2025-2368, GHSA-rqch-2mmw-28wc, PYSEC-2025-227, UBUNTU-CVE-2025-2368

## What is CVE-2025-2368?

CVE-2025-2368 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in WebAssembly wabt, published on 17 Mar 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.

### Official description

A vulnerability was found in WebAssembly wabt 1.0.36 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function wabt::interp::(anonymous namespace)::BinaryReaderInterp::OnExport of the file wabt/src/interp/binary-reader-interp.cc of the component Malformed File Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Weakness: CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow), CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write), CWE-119 (Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-2368?

1 open source package ship an affected version, including wabt-bin. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `wabt-bin` | PyPI | All versions to 1.0.36 | None |

Products: Webassembly Wabt.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-2368?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-2368 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-2368 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-2368 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in WebAssembly wabt

- [CVE-2022-43280](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-43280/): Memory corruption in n/a (high 7.1)
- [CVE-2022-43282](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-43282/): Memory corruption in n/a (high 7.1)
- [CVE-2023-27119](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2023-27119/): Null dereference in n/a (medium 5.5)
- [CVE-2022-43283](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2022-43283/): Denial of service in n/a (medium 5.5)
- [CVE-2025-15411](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-15411/): WebAssembly wabt wasm-decompile InsertNode memory corruption (medium 4.8)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-2368 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-2368 is a medium-severity memory corruption vulnerability in WebAssembly wabt, published on 17 Mar 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, and only if a user opens a file or follows a link.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-2368 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- wabt-bin (PyPI): affected all versions up to 1.0.36; no fix listed

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-2368/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-2368/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2368
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2368
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-2368

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-2368/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.