# CVE-2025-25284: Path Traversal and Local File Read via VRT (Virtual Format) in ZOO-Project WPS Implementation

> Unauthenticated attackers can read arbitrary system files via path traversal in the Gdal_Translate service, exposing sensitive data.

- **Severity:** High 8.7 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 18 Feb 2025
- **Updated:** 18 Feb 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-8c27-wmvv-3p38

## What is CVE-2025-25284?

CVE-2025-25284 is a high-severity path traversal vulnerability in ZOO-Project, published on 18 Feb 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

The ZOO-Project is an open source processing platform, released under MIT/X11 Licence. A vulnerability in ZOO-Project's WPS (Web Processing Service) implementation allows unauthorized access to files outside the intended directory through path traversal. Specifically, the Gdal_Translate service, when processing VRT (Virtual Format) files, does not properly validate file paths referenced in the VRTRasterBand element, allowing attackers to read arbitrary files on the system. The vulnerability exists because the service doesn't properly sanitize the SourceFilename parameter in VRT files, allowing relative path traversal sequences (../). When combined with VRT's raw data handling capabilities, this allows reading arbitrary files as raw binary data and converting them to TIFF format, effectively exposing their contents. This vulnerability is particularly severe because it allows attackers to read sensitive system files, potentially exposing configuration data, credentials, or other confidential information stored on the server. An unauthenticated attacker can read arbitrary files from the system through path traversal, potentially accessing sensitive information such as configuration files, credentials, or other confidential data stored on the server. The vulnerability requires no authentication and can be exploited remotely through the WPS service. This issue has been addressed in commit `5f155a8` and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Weakness: CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-25284?


## How do I fix CVE-2025-25284?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-25284 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-25284 being exploited?

There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-25284 in the wild and no public exploit code.

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-25284 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-25284 is a high-severity path traversal vulnerability in ZOO-Project, published on 18 Feb 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-25284 in the wild and no public exploit code.

Affected product: ZOO-Project. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-25284/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-25284/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25284
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25284
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-25284

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-25284/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.