# CVE-2025-28386: Code injection in n/a

> Attackers can execute arbitrary code in OpenC3 COSMOS by uploading a crafted text file to the Plugin Management component.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.8 (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 13 Jun 2025
- **Updated:** 17 Jun 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-x863-q7hx-5hmw, PYSEC-2025-149

## What is CVE-2025-28386?

CVE-2025-28386 is a critical code injection vulnerability in n/a, published on 13 Jun 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Plugin Management component of OpenC3 COSMOS v6.0.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .txt file.

Weakness: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-28386?

1 open source package ship an affected version, including openc3. It affects 1 product.


| Package | Ecosystem | Affected | Fixed in |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `openc3` | PyPI | All versions to 6.0.0 | None |

Products: Openc3 Cosmos.

## How do I fix CVE-2025-28386?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-28386 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-28386 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-28386 exists.

## Other vulnerabilities in n/a

- [CVE-2025-28388](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28388/): Hardcoded credentials in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2025-28389](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28389/): Weak cryptography in n/a (critical 9.8)
- [CVE-2026-42087](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-42087/): OpenC3 COSMOS: SQL Injection in QuestDB Time-Series Data Base (critical 9.6)
- [CVE-2026-42088](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2026-42088/): OpenC3 COSMOS: Administrative Actions via the Script Runner Tool (critical 9.6)
- [CVE-2025-28384](https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28384/): OpenC3 COSMOS Vulnerable to Directory Traversal via /script-api/scripts/ endpoint (critical 9.1)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-28386 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-28386 is a critical code injection vulnerability in n/a, published on 13 Jun 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-28386 exists.

Affected packages and fixed versions:
- openc3 (PyPI): affected all versions up to 6.0.0; no fix listed

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28386/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28386/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-28386
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28386
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-28386

---
From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-28386/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.