CVE-2025-30095 Hardcoded credentials in VyOS
Attackers can perform man-in-the-middle attacks on SSH connections because VyOS and similar systems ship with identical Dropbear host keys.
- Exploited in the wild
- Not known
- Login needed
- Not needed
- Attackable
- Over the internet
- Victim action needed
- Not needed
- Fix
- None listed
What is CVE-2025-30095?
CVE-2025-30095 is a critical vulnerability in VyOS, published on 31 Mar 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Official description
VyOS 1.3 through 1.5 (fixed in 1.4.2) or any Debian-based system using dropbear in combination with live-build has the same Dropbear private host keys across different installations. Thus, an attacker can conduct active man-in-the-middle attacks against SSH connections if Dropbear is enabled as the SSH daemon. I n VyOS, this is not the default configuration for the system SSH daemon, but is for the console service. To mitigate this, one can run "rm -f /etc/dropbear/*key*" and/or "rm -f /etc/dropbear-initramfs/*key*" and then dropbearkey -t rsa -s 4096 -f /etc/dropbear_rsa_host_key and reload the service or reboot the system before using Dropbear as the SSH daemon (this clears out all keys mistakenly built into the release image) or update to the latest version of VyOS 1.4 or 1.5. Note that this vulnerability is not unique to VyOS and may appear in any Debian-based Linux distribution that uses Dropbear in combination with live-build, which has a safeguard against this behavior in OpenSSH but no equivalent one for Dropbear.
Weakness: CWE-321
Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-30095?
How do I fix CVE-2025-30095?
No fix has been published for CVE-2025-30095 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.
Is CVE-2025-30095 being exploited?
There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-30095 in the wild and no public exploit code.
Sources
Also known as GHSA-8vh6-m67f-4h33.