{"answers":{"affected":"17 open source packages ship an affected version, including org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, tomcat and org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina. It affects 1 product.","exploited":"There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-31651 in the wild and no public exploit code.","fix":"Upgrade org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to a fixed version for your release line: 10.1.40, 11.0.6 or 9.0.104.","what":"CVE-2025-31651 is a critical vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 28 Apr 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim."},"fix_prompt":"Check this codebase for CVE-2025-31651 and fix it if it is affected.\n\nWhat it is: CVE-2025-31651 is a critical vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, published on 28 Apr 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.\nExploitation: There is no known exploitation of CVE-2025-31651 in the wild and no public exploit code.\n\nAffected packages and fixed versions:\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.1.10; fixed in 10.1.40\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 10.1.10; fixed in 10.1.40\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M2; fixed in 11.0.6\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M2; fixed in 11.0.6\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0 up to 8.5.100; no fix listed\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 8.5.0 up to 8.5.100; no fix listed\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 9.0.76; fixed in 9.0.104\n- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven): affected from 9.0.76; fixed in 9.0.104\n- tomcat (Bitnami): affected all versions; fixed in 9.0.104, 10.1.40, 11.0.6\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (Maven): affected from 10.1.10; fixed in 10.1.40\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (Maven): affected from 10.1.10; fixed in 10.1.40\n- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (Maven): affected from 11.0.0-M2; fixed in 11.0.6\n\nTask:\n1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.\n2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.\n3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.\n4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.\n5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.\n\nReference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-31651/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-31651/index.md)","id":"CVE-2025-31651","markdown":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-31651/index.md","name":"CVE-2025-31651","record":{"aliases":["BIT-tomcat-2025-31651","CLEANSTART-2026-EV68545","CLSA-2025-1750780819","CLSA-2025-1750785145","CLSA-2025-1752087582","CLSA-2025-1761576180","CLSA-2025-1764716872","CLSA-2026-1769701085","CLSA-2026-1770768569","CLSA-2026-1786542969","CLSA-2026-1793134796","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-31651","GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr","ROOT-APP-MAVEN-CVE-2025-31651","SUSE-SU-2025:01882-1","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-31651"],"analysis":{"component_type":"server_software","fix_type":"upgrade","impacts":["security_bypass"],"network_reachable":"yes","non_default_config":true,"product_category":"Apache Tomcat","requires_auth":"none","summary":"Attackers can bypass security constraints enforced by specific Rewrite Valve rules in Apache Tomcat via crafted requests.","user_interaction":"not_required","vuln_class":"security_feature_bypass"},"analysis_generated_by":"qwen3.8-flash-next","assigner":"apache","cpe":[{"product":"tomcat","vendor":"apache"}],"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","source":"cisa-adp","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-116","name":"Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output"}],"description":"Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.","ecosystems":["Bitnami","Maven","SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5"],"exploits":{"exploitdb":0,"first_seen":"2025-04-08","github_poc":2,"max_poc_stars":2,"metasploit":0,"nuclei":0,"refs":[{"date":"2025-04-08T06:24:01Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/gregk4sec/CVE-2025-31651-o","stars":2,"title":"CVE-2025-31651 PoC"},{"date":"2026-03-09T02:33:16Z","kind":"github_poc","ref":"https://github.com/gregk4sec/cve-2025-31651","stars":0,"title":null}],"tier":"poc_unverified"},"has_fix":true,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve","id":"CVE-2025-31651","indexable":true,"kev":null,"kind":"cve","links":{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","product":"apache:tomcat","products":["apache:tomcat"],"type":"security_feature_bypass","year":"2025"},"n_packages":18,"n_references":1,"next":{"headline":"Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key","id":"CVE-2025-31654"},"packages":[{"ecosystem":"Bitnami","fixed":["9.0.104","10.1.40","11.0.6"],"introduced":["0","10.0.0","11.0.0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"tomcat","purl":"pkg:bitnami/tomcat","source":"BIT-tomcat-2025-31651"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.40"],"introduced":["10.1.10"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.40"],"introduced":["10.1.10"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.6"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M2"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.6"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M2"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":[],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":["8.5.100"],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":[],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":["8.5.100"],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.104"],"introduced":["9.0.76"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.104"],"introduced":["9.0.76"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.40"],"introduced":["10.1.10"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["10.1.40"],"introduced":["10.1.10"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.6"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M2"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["11.0.6"],"introduced":["11.0.0-M2"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":[],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":["8.5.100"],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":[],"introduced":["8.5.0"],"last_affected":["8.5.100"],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.104"],"introduced":["9.0.76"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":null,"source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","fixed":["9.0.104"],"introduced":["9.0.76"],"last_affected":[],"package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina","source":"GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr"},{"ecosystem":"SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5","fixed":["9.0.36-3.142.1"],"introduced":["0"],"last_affected":[],"package":"tomcat","purl":"pkg:rpm/suse/tomcat\u0026distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20LTSS%20Extended%20Security%2012%20SP5","source":"SUSE-SU-2025:01882-1"}],"prev":{"headline":"Apache Tomcat: DoS via malformed HTTP/2 PRIORITY_UPDATE frame","id":"CVE-2025-31650"},"products":["Apache Tomcat"],"published":"2025-04-28","related":[{"cvss_score":10,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Path Equivalence","id":"CVE-2025-24813","kev_date_added":"2025-04-01","published":"2025-03-10"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2016-8735","kev_date_added":"2023-05-12","published":"2017-04-06"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-12617","kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","published":"2017-10-03"},{"cvss_score":8.1,"headline":"Apache Tomcat on Windows Remote Code Execution","id":"CVE-2017-12615","kev_date_added":"2022-03-25","published":"2017-09-19"},{"cvss_score":7.5,"headline":"Apache Tomcat Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data","id":"CVE-2026-34486","kev_date_added":"2026-08-04","published":"2026-04-09"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: HTTP/2 no-authority bypass of strict SNI validation - CVE-2026-32990 fix incomplete","id":"CVE-2026-65637","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-08-25"},{"cvss_score":9.8,"headline":"Apache Tomcat: Limited replay attack possible with DIGEST authentication","id":"CVE-2026-65905","kev_date_added":null,"published":"2026-08-25"}],"sources":[{"class":"attribution","licence":"Apache-2.0","name":"Bitnami","prefix":"BIT"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CVE Terms of Use (MITRE)","name":"CVE List","prefix":"CVE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"GitHub Advisory Database","prefix":"GHSA"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"SUSE","prefix":"SUSE"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"US public information, NVD API terms","name":"NVD"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"CWE Terms of Use","name":"CWE (MITRE)"},{"class":"attribution","licence":"FIRST CVSS licence","name":"CVSS (FIRST)"},{"class":"open","licence":"CC0","name":"PoC-in-GitHub"}],"ssvc":{"automatable":"yes","exploitation":"none","technical_impact":"total"},"state":"PUBLISHED","updated":"2026-02-26","vendors":["Apache Software Foundation"]},"summary":"Attackers can bypass security constraints enforced by specific Rewrite Valve rules in Apache Tomcat via crafted requests.","url":"https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-31651/"}