# CVE-2025-34061: PHPStudy 2016-2018 Backdoor Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

> Unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary PHP code via a backdoor in PHPStudy, compromising the web server.

- **Severity:** Critical 9.3 (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)
- **Exploited in the wild:** Not known
- **Login needed:** Not needed
- **Attackable:** Over the internet
- **Victim action needed:** Not needed
- **Fix available:** No
- **Published:** 3 Jul 2025
- **Updated:** 7 Jul 2025
- **Also known as:** GHSA-2mv3-3vpm-p5pm

## What is CVE-2025-34061?

CVE-2025-34061 is a critical code injection vulnerability in Henan Xiaopi Security Technology Co., Ltd. PHPStudy, published on 3 Jul 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.

### Official description

A backdoor in PHPStudy versions 2016 through 2018 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code on affected installations. The backdoor listens for base64-encoded PHP payloads in the Accept-Charset HTTP header of incoming requests, decodes and executes the payload without proper validation. This leads to remote code execution as the web server user, compromising the affected system.

Weakness: CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code)

## Which versions are affected by CVE-2025-34061?


## How do I fix CVE-2025-34061?

No fix has been published for CVE-2025-34061 yet. Limit exposure of the affected software until one is available.

## Is CVE-2025-34061 being exploited?

It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-34061 exists.

Public exploit code:

- PHPStudy Backdoor Remote Code execution (metasploit)

## Fix prompt for AI coding agents

```text
Check this codebase for CVE-2025-34061 and fix it if it is affected.

What it is: CVE-2025-34061 is a critical code injection vulnerability in Henan Xiaopi Security Technology Co., Ltd. PHPStudy, published on 3 Jul 2025. An attacker can exploit it over the internet without logging in, with no action from the victim.
Exploitation: It is not confirmed as exploited in the wild, but public exploit code for CVE-2025-34061 exists.

Affected product: Henan Xiaopi Security Technology Co., Ltd. PHPStudy. No package-level version data is available, so check the vendor advisory linked from the reference page.

Task:
1. Search the dependency manifests and lockfiles (for example package.json, package-lock.json, requirements.txt, poetry.lock, uv.lock, pom.xml, build.gradle, go.mod, Cargo.lock, Gemfile.lock) and any Dockerfiles for the affected packages, including transitive dependencies.
2. If an affected version is in use, upgrade it to the fixed version for its release line with the project's package manager, so the lockfile is regenerated. Prefer the smallest upgrade that fixes it.
3. If there is no fix, or the upgrade would break the build, do not guess: explain the risk and the safest workaround instead.
4. Run the tests and summarise what changed and why.
5. If nothing in the project is affected, say so and change nothing.

Reference: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-34061/ (Markdown: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-34061/index.md)
```

## Sources

- CVE record: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-34061
- NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34061
- OSV: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-34061

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From sbomify Insights: https://insights.sbomify.com/CVE-2025-34061/
Summaries are generated and may contain mistakes; the official description above is the record.